IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i19p11844-d919331.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Planning for Sustainable Green Urbanism: An Empirical Bottom-Up (Community-Led) Perspective on Green Infrastructure (GI) Indicators in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Rayan

    (Research Group Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning (LLP), Department of Spatial Planning, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany)

  • Dietwald Gruehn

    (Research Group Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning (LLP), Department of Spatial Planning, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany)

  • Umer Khayyam

    (Department of Development Studies, School of Social Sciences and Humanities (S 3 H), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

Abstract

Rising vulnerability of the urban green infrastructure (UGI) is grabbing global attention, for which inclusive urban landscape and greening policies (ULGP) and frameworks are crucial to support green growth. As such, this research intends to explore the local community’s perspective to assemble sustainable UGI indicators for vital taxonomy of the urban green space (UGS) elements, aiming to develop a multi-functional and sustainable UGI-indicator-based framework that is eco-friendly and supports green-resilient cities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan. An in-depth household survey was executed in three KP districts: Charsadda, Peshawar, and Mardan, placing self-administered 192 questionnaires while covering themes around climate change adaptation, urban resilience, and UGI. Relative importance index (RII) and the interquartile range (IQR) methods were set up for data analysis that revealed excellent reliability (α > 0.88) and internal consistency. The results confirmed community-based UGI indicators with a focus on promoting green-energy-saving strategies as e-imp (level 9, RII = 0.915), while other (ten) UGI indicators as important (RII = 0.811–0.894) and (eleven) as moderately important (RII = 0.738–0.792). These UGI indicators were found to be enhanced by UGS elements (RII ≥ 0.70). These findings provide a foundation for urban policy change and the development of a sustainable UGI framework to build an eco-regional paradigm for greener growth.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Rayan & Dietwald Gruehn & Umer Khayyam, 2022. "Planning for Sustainable Green Urbanism: An Empirical Bottom-Up (Community-Led) Perspective on Green Infrastructure (GI) Indicators in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-29, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:11844-:d:919331
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/19/11844/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/19/11844/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ian Mell & Simone Allin & Mario Reimer & Jost Wilker, 2017. "Strategic green infrastructure planning in Germany and the UK: a transnational evaluation of the evolution of urban greening policy and practice," International Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(4), pages 333-349, October.
    2. Atta-ur-Rahman & Amir Khan, 2013. "Analysis of 2010-flood causes, nature and magnitude in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 66(2), pages 887-904, March.
    3. Baycan-Levent, T. & Leeuwen, E. van & Rodenburg, C. et. Al., 2002. "Development and management of green spaces in European cities: a comparative analysis," Serie Research Memoranda 0025, VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Econometrics.
    4. Shahid Naeem & Chunxiang Cao & Khunsa Fatima & Omaid Najmuddin & Bipin Kumar Acharya, 2018. "Landscape Greening Policies-based Land Use/Land Cover Simulation for Beijing and Islamabad—An Implication of Sustainable Urban Ecosystems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-22, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Xinyu Zhuang & Xin Li & Yisong Xu, 2022. "How Can Resource-Exhausted Cities Get Out of “The Valley of Death”? An Evaluation Index System and Obstacle Degree Analysis of Green Sustainable Development," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-29, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Muhammad Rayan & Dietwald Gruehn & Umer Khayyam, 2022. "Frameworks for Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) Indicators: Expert and Community Outlook toward Green Climate-Resilient Cities in Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-30, June.
    2. Sergio Cappucci & Serena Nappi & Andrea Cappelli, 2022. "Green Public Areas and Urban Open Spaces Management: New GreenCAL Tool Algorithms and Circular Economy Implications," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-25, June.
    3. Mihai-Razvan Niță & Ana-Maria Anghel & Cristina Bănescu & Ana-Maria Munteanu & Sabina-Stella Pesamosca & Mihuț Zețu & Ana-Maria Popa, 2018. "Are Romanian urban strategies planning for green?," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(1), pages 158-173, January.
    4. Abdur Rahim Hamidi & Jiangwei Wang & Shiyao Guo & Zhongping Zeng, 2020. "Flood vulnerability assessment using MOVE framework: a case study of the northern part of district Peshawar, Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 101(2), pages 385-408, March.
    5. Dilshad Ahmad & Muhammad Afzal & Abdur Rauf, 2021. "Flood hazards adaptation strategies: a gender-based disaggregated analysis of farm-dependent Bait community in Punjab, Pakistan," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 865-886, January.
    6. Carolina Yacamán Ochoa & Daniel Ferrer Jiménez & Rafael Mata Olmo, 2020. "Green Infrastructure Planning in Metropolitan Regions to Improve the Connectivity of Agricultural Landscapes and Food Security," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-23, October.
    7. Gulnara N. Nabiyeva & Stephen M. Wheeler & Jonathan K. London & Noli Brazil, 2023. "Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities): Initial Good Practices Data," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-18, October.
    8. Renato Monteiro & José C. Ferreira & Paula Antunes, 2020. "Green Infrastructure Planning Principles: An Integrated Literature Review," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-19, December.
    9. Konrad Nübel & Michael Max Bühler & Thorsten Jelinek, 2021. "Federated Digital Platforms: Value Chain Integration for Sustainable Infrastructure Planning and Delivery," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-17, August.
    10. Umer Khayyam, 2020. "Floods: impacts on livelihood, economic status and poverty in the north-west region of Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 102(3), pages 1033-1056, July.
    11. Batara Surya & Haeruddin Saleh & Seri Suriani & Harry Hardian Sakti & Hadijah Hadijah & Muhammad Idris, 2020. "Environmental Pollution Control and Sustainability Management of Slum Settlements in Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-34, August.
    12. Yongyan Zhu & Seongwoo Jeon & Hyunchan Sung & Yoonji Kim & Chiyoung Park & Sungeun Cha & Hyun-woo Jo & Woo-kyun Lee, 2020. "Developing UAV-Based Forest Spatial Information and Evaluation Technology for Efficient Forest Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-17, December.
    13. Ashfaq Ahmad Shah & Jingzhong Ye & Muhammad Abid & Raza Ullah, 2017. "Determinants of flood risk mitigation strategies at household level: a case of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 88(1), pages 415-430, August.
    14. Irfan Ahmad Rana & Jayant K. Routray, 2018. "Integrated methodology for flood risk assessment and application in urban communities of Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 91(1), pages 239-266, March.
    15. Joanna Wysmułek & Maria Hełdak & Anatolii Kucher, 2020. "The Analysis of Green Areas’ Accessibility in Comparison with Statistical Data in Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-17, June.
    16. Anwar Hussain & Khan Zaib Jadoon & Khalil Ur Rahman & Songhao Shang & Muhammad Shahid & Nuaman Ejaz & Himayatullah Khan, 2023. "Analyzing the impact of drought on agriculture: evidence from Pakistan using standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 115(1), pages 389-408, January.
    17. Elin Slätmo & Kjell Nilsson & Eeva Turunen, 2019. "Implementing Green Infrastructure in Spatial Planning in Europe," Land, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-21, April.
    18. Gunilla Lindholm, 2017. "The Implementation of Green Infrastructure: Relating a General Concept to Context and Site," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-13, April.
    19. Azhar Abbas & T. Amjath-Babu & Harald Kächele & Klaus Müller, 2015. "Non-structural flood risk mitigation under developing country conditions: an analysis on the determinants of willingness to pay for flood insurance in rural Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 75(3), pages 2119-2135, February.
    20. Muhammad Hussain & Muhammad Tayyab & Jiquan Zhang & Ashfaq Ahmad Shah & Kashif Ullah & Ummer Mehmood & Bazel Al-Shaibah, 2021. "GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Approach for Flood Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping in District Shangla: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-29, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:11844-:d:919331. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.