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Psychometric Properties of the Functional Impairment Checklist (FIC) as a Disease-Specific Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) in Previously Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors with Long-COVID

Author

Listed:
  • César Fernández-de-las-Peñas

    (Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain)

  • Maria Palacios-Ceña

    (Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain)

  • Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez

    (Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain)

  • Ana I. de-la-Llave-Rincón

    (Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain)

  • Stella Fuensalida-Novo

    (Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain)

  • Margarita Cigarán-Méndez

    (Department of Psychology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain)

  • Lidiane L. Florencio

    (Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain)

  • Silvia Ambite-Quesada

    (Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain)

  • Ricardo Ortega-Santiago

    (Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain)

  • Alberto Pardo-Hernández

    (Consejería de Salud Pública, Comunidad de Madrid, 28009 Madrid, Spain
    Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain)

  • Valentín Hernández-Barrera

    (Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain)

  • Domingo Palacios-Ceña

    (Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain)

  • Ángel Gil-de-Miguel

    (Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain)

Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is associated with a plethora of long-lasting symptoms (long-COVID). The presence of long-COVID symptoms causes decreased functionality. This study described the psychometric properties of the Functional Impairment Checklist (FIC), a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) used for evaluating the functional consequences of SARS in previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors with long-COVID symptoms. The LONG-COVID-EXP-CM is a multicenter cohort study including patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic in five hospitals in Madrid. A total of 1969 (age: 61 ± 16 years, 46.4% women) COVID-19 survivors with long-COVID completed the FIC at a long-term follow-up after hospitalization (mean: 8.4 ± 1.5 months). Internal consistency (Cronbach alpha value), reliability (item-internal consistency, item-discriminant validity), construct validity (exploratory factor analysis), floor effect and ceiling effect were calculated. The mean time for fulfilling the FIC was 62 ± 11 s. The Cronbach’s alpha values reflecting the internal consistency reliability were 0.864 for FIC-symptoms and 0.845 for FIC-disability. The correlation coefficient between the FIC-symptoms and FIC-disability scale was good (r: 0.676). The ceiling effect ranged from 2.29% to 9.02%, whereas the floor effect ranged from 38.56% to 80.19%. The exploratory factor analysis showed factor loadings from 0.514 to 0.866, supporting good construct validity. Women exhibited greater limitations in all physical symptoms and disability-related domains of the FIC compared with men (all, p < 0.001). Further, younger patients (those aged <45 years) self-reported lower physical symptoms and disability-related domains than older patients. In conclusion, this study indicates that the FIC has good psychometric properties to be used as a specific-disease PROM to measure function and disability in COVID-19 survivors with long-COVID.

Suggested Citation

  • César Fernández-de-las-Peñas & Maria Palacios-Ceña & Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez & Ana I. de-la-Llave-Rincón & Stella Fuensalida-Novo & Margarita Cigarán-Méndez & Lidiane L. Florencio & Silvia Ambite-Ques, 2022. "Psychometric Properties of the Functional Impairment Checklist (FIC) as a Disease-Specific Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) in Previously Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors with Long-COVID," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-10, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:18:p:11460-:d:912675
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