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Epidemiological Study of Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

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  • Noluthando P. Mbeje

    (Cancer and Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
    Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa)

  • Themba Ginindza

    (Cancer and Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
    Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa)

  • Nkosana Jafta

    (Cancer and Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
    Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa)

Abstract

The high incidence cancer rates are due to factors such as behavior, occupational exposures, genetics, environmental pollution and infections. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with lung cancer among patients seen in the public health facilities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. In this case-control study, 75 cases and 159 controls were interviewed using a structured close-ended questionnaire. Logistic regression showed a positive association between lung cancer and tobacco smoking (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.21–6.77) and exposure to passive smoke (OR = 3.28, 95% CI: 1.48–7.30). When adjusted for other covariates, tobacco smoking and passive smoke were still positively associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Alcohol consumption (aORs ranging from 2.79 to 3.35) and history of lung disease (aORs ranging from 9.91 to 12.1) were statistically significantly associated with lung cancer. Our study suggests that tobacco smoke exposure is the major cause of lung cancer, and increased exposure to occupational and environmental carcinogenic substances, alcohol consumption and history of lung disease increase the risk of lung cancer. Based on our findings, policy development and planning of prevention strategies incorporating smoking legislations, occupational health and safety are essential in South Africa.

Suggested Citation

  • Noluthando P. Mbeje & Themba Ginindza & Nkosana Jafta, 2022. "Epidemiological Study of Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-13, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:11:p:6752-:d:829256
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. A-Sol Kim & Hae-Jin Ko & Jin-Hyun Kwon & Jong-Myung Lee, 2018. "Exposure to Secondhand Smoke and Risk of Cancer in Never Smokers: A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-17, September.
    2. Yuwadee Ngamwong & Wimonchat Tangamornsuksan & Ornrat Lohitnavy & Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk & C Norman Scholfield & Brad Reisfeld & Manupat Lohitnavy, 2015. "Additive Synergism between Asbestos and Smoking in Lung Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(8), pages 1-19, August.
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