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The Potential Use of Nephelium lappaceum Seed as Coagulant–Coagulant Aid in the Treatment of Semi-Aerobic Landfill Leachate

Author

Listed:
  • Hamidi Abdul Aziz

    (School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Malaysia
    Solid Waste Management Cluster, Science and Technology Research Centre, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Malaysia)

  • Nur Syahirah Rahmat

    (School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Malaysia)

  • Motasem Y. D. Alazaiza

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering (COE), A’Sharqiyah University (ASU), Ibra 400, Oman)

Abstract

Chemical-based coagulants and flocculants are commonly used in the coagulation–flocculation process. However, the drawbacks of using these chemical materials have triggered researchers to find natural materials to substitute or reduce the number of chemical-based coagulants and flocculants. This study examines the potential application of Nephelium lappaceum seeds as a natural coagulant–coagulant aid with Tin (IV) chloride (SnCl 4 ) in eliminating suspended solids (SS), colour, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from landfill leachate. Results showed that the efficiency of Nephelium lappaceum was low when used as the main coagulant in the standard jar test. When SnCl 4 was applied as a single coagulant, as much as 98.4% of SS, 96.8% of colour and 82.0% of COD was eliminated at an optimal dose of 10.5 g/L and pH 7. The higher removal efficiency of colour (88.8%) was obtained when 8.40 g/L of SnCl 4 was applied with a support of 3 g/L of Nephelium lappaceum . When SnCl 4 was utilised as a coagulant, and Nephelium lappaceum seed was used as a flocculant, the removal of pollutants generally improved. Overall, this research showed that Nephelium lappaceum seed is a viable natural alternative for treating landfill leachate as a coagulant aid.

Suggested Citation

  • Hamidi Abdul Aziz & Nur Syahirah Rahmat & Motasem Y. D. Alazaiza, 2021. "The Potential Use of Nephelium lappaceum Seed as Coagulant–Coagulant Aid in the Treatment of Semi-Aerobic Landfill Leachate," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2021:i:1:p:420-:d:715389
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