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Muscular Strength of Upper and Lower Limbs and Self-Esteem in Chilean SchoolChildren: Independent Associations with Body Composition Indicators

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  • Cristian Cofre Bolados

    (Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte, y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 7500618, Chile)

  • Gerson Ferrari

    (Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte, y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 7500618, Chile)

  • Mónica Suárez-Reyes

    (Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte, y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 7500618, Chile)

  • Daiana Quintiliano Scarpelli Dourado

    (Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile)

  • Helen Diaz-Peña

    (Pediatric Oncology Department, Clínica Dávila, Santiago 8431657, Chile)

  • Tito Pizarro

    (Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte, y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 7500618, Chile)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between muscular strength from upper and lower limbs with self-esteem among Chilean schoolchildren, drawing independent associations with body composition indicators. The sample consisted of 1078 schoolchildren. The muscular strength of the upper and lower limbs was evaluated using a digital dynamometer and long jump performance. The general strength index was calculated based on Z-score values. Rosenberg’s test was used to determine the level of self-esteem of participants. Body fat and body mass index were employed as body composition indicators. Boys had significantly more upper and lower strength, and a general strength index higher than girls (11.7 vs. 10.6; 109.7 vs. 97.4; 0.19 vs. −0.24, respectively). For boys and girls combined, there were no significant associations between all muscular strength variables and self-esteem. In boys, upper and lower limb strength was positively associated with self-esteem. In girls, no association between muscular strength and self-esteem was found. In both sexes, the general strength index was not associated with self-esteem. Strategies and programs that promote mental health and muscular strength among schoolchildren, specifically in boys, are needed.

Suggested Citation

  • Cristian Cofre Bolados & Gerson Ferrari & Mónica Suárez-Reyes & Daiana Quintiliano Scarpelli Dourado & Helen Diaz-Peña & Tito Pizarro, 2021. "Muscular Strength of Upper and Lower Limbs and Self-Esteem in Chilean SchoolChildren: Independent Associations with Body Composition Indicators," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-9, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:2:p:361-:d:475310
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yi Sun & Xiaojian Yin & Yuqiang Li & Cunjian Bi & Ming Li & Xiaofang Yang & Ting Zhang & Feng Zhang, 2020. "Normative Values for Muscular Fitness for Chinese Children and Adolescents Aged 7–18 Years," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-14, July.
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