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The First 75 Days of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak: Recent Advances, Prevention, and Treatment

Author

Listed:
  • Yuxin Yan

    (Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
    Joint first authors.)

  • Woo In Shin

    (Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Selangor 43500, Malaysia
    Joint first authors.)

  • Yoong Xin Pang

    (Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China)

  • Yang Meng

    (Ningbo New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham, Ningbo 315042, China)

  • Jianchen Lai

    (Ningbo New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham, Ningbo 315042, China)

  • Chong You

    (Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

  • Haitao Zhao

    (MITMECHE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA)

  • Edward Lester

    (Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK)

  • Tao Wu

    (Ningbo New Materials Institute, University of Nottingham, Ningbo 315042, China
    Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China)

  • Cheng Heng Pang

    (Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
    Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China)

Abstract

The recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously known as 2019-nCoV) outbreak has engulfed an unprepared world amidst a festive season. The zoonotic SARS-CoV-2, believed to have originated from infected bats, is the seventh member of enveloped RNA coronavirus. Specifically, the overall genome sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 is 96.2% identical to that of bat coronavirus termed BatCoV RaTG13. Although the current mortality rate of 2% is significantly lower than that of SARS (9.6%) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) (35%), SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and transmissible from human to human with an incubation period of up to 24 days. Some statistical studies have shown that, on average, one infected patient may lead to a subsequent 5.7 confirmed cases. Since the first reported case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 on December 1, 2019, in Wuhan, China, there has been a total of 60,412 confirmed cases with 1370 fatalities reported in 25 different countries as of February 13, 2020. The outbreak has led to severe impacts on social health and the economy at various levels. This paper is a review of the significant, continuous global effort that was made to respond to the outbreak in the first 75 days. Although no vaccines have been discovered yet, a series of containment measures have been implemented by various governments, especially in China, in the effort to prevent further outbreak, whilst various medical treatment approaches have been used to successfully treat infected patients. On the basis of current studies, it would appear that the combined antiviral treatment has shown the highest success rate. This review aims to critically summarize the most recent advances in understanding the coronavirus, as well as the strategies in prevention and treatment.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuxin Yan & Woo In Shin & Yoong Xin Pang & Yang Meng & Jianchen Lai & Chong You & Haitao Zhao & Edward Lester & Tao Wu & Cheng Heng Pang, 2020. "The First 75 Days of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak: Recent Advances, Prevention, and Treatment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-23, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:7:p:2323-:d:338844
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    2. Peng Zhou & Xing-Lou Yang & Xian-Guang Wang & Ben Hu & Lei Zhang & Wei Zhang & Hao-Rui Si & Yan Zhu & Bei Li & Chao-Lin Huang & Hui-Dong Chen & Jing Chen & Yun Luo & Hua Guo & Ren-Di Jiang & Mei-Qin L, 2020. "A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin," Nature, Nature, vol. 579(7798), pages 270-273, March.
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