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Impact of Maternal Smoking on the Onset of Breastfeeding versus Formula Feeding: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Listed:
  • Carolina Lechosa Muñiz

    (Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain)

  • María Paz-Zulueta

    (Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Cantabria, IDIVAL, GI Derecho Sanitario y Bioética, GRIDES, 39008 Santander, Spain)

  • Elsa Cornejo del Río

    (Obstetrics Service, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain)

  • Sonia Mateo Sota

    (Obstetrics Service, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain)

  • María Sáez de Adana

    (Gynecology Service, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain)

  • María Madrazo Pérez

    (Faculty of Nursing, University of Cantabria, 39008 Santander, Spain)

  • María Jesús Cabero Pérez

    (Pediatrics Service, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain)

Abstract

This study sought to estimate the prevalence of maternal smoking and its association with exclusive breastfeeding vs. formula feeding. A cross-sectional study was performed on postpartum women at a public hospital in Spain, between January and August 2018. The main variables studied were their age, level of study, smoking habits, and chosen mode of infant feeding. In total, 948 postpartum women were included. Of these, 12.45% were smokers who smoked a mean of 7.23 cigarettes/day. Among the group of smokers, the probability of feeding the newborns with formula milk was multiplied by 2.32 ([95%CI 1.50–3.58] p < 0.001). When stratifying tobacco use into mild, moderate and severe, we found a statistically significant dose–response pattern. These associations and their statistical significance were maintained when adjusting by age and level of study. In conclusion, in the group of postpartum mothers who smoked, the probability of feeding the newborns with formula milk doubled. Our data highlight the need to improve health education programs in women of childbearing age, especially during pregnancy.

Suggested Citation

  • Carolina Lechosa Muñiz & María Paz-Zulueta & Elsa Cornejo del Río & Sonia Mateo Sota & María Sáez de Adana & María Madrazo Pérez & María Jesús Cabero Pérez, 2019. "Impact of Maternal Smoking on the Onset of Breastfeeding versus Formula Feeding: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:24:p:4888-:d:294104
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bloch, M. & Althabe, F. & Onyamboko, M. & Kaseba-Sata, C. & Castilla, E.E. & Freire, S. & Garces, A.L. & Parida, S. & Goudar, S.S. & Kadir, M.M. & Goco, N. & Thornberry, J. & Daniels, M. & Bartz, J. &, 2008. "Tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy: An investigative survey of women in 9 developing nations," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 98(10), pages 1833-1840.
    2. Horta, B.L. & Kramer, M.S. & Platt, R.W., 2001. "Maternal smoking and the risk of early weaning: A meta-analysis," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 91(2), pages 304-307.
    3. Xialing Wu & Xiao Gao & Tingting Sha & Guangyu Zeng & Shiping Liu & Ling Li & Cheng Chen & Yan Yan, 2019. "Modifiable Individual Factors Associated with Breastfeeding: A Cohort Study in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-11, March.
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    1. Carolina Lechosa-Muñiz & María Paz-Zulueta & María Sáez de Adana Herrero & Elsa Cornejo del Rio & Sonia Mateo Sota & Javier Llorca & María J. Cabero-Perez, 2020. "Health Care Costs Associated to Type of Feeding in the First Year of Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-9, June.
    2. Carolina Lechosa-Muñiz & María Paz-Zulueta & Joaquín Cayón-De las Cuevas & Javier Llorca & María Jesús Cabero-Pérez, 2021. "Declared Reasons for Cessation of Breastfeeding during the First Year of Life: An Analysis Based on a Cohort Study in Northern Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-10, August.

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