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Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study

Author

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  • Jinyoung Shin

    (Department of Family Medicine, Research Institute on Healthy aging, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Korea)

  • Seol-Heui Han

    (Department of Neurology, Research Institute on Healthy aging, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Korea)

  • Jaekyung Choi

    (Department of Family Medicine, Research Institute on Healthy aging, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 05030, Korea)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between ambient air pollutants and cognitive impairment in Korean older adults. The cognitive function of 2,896 participants aged 70 to 84 years was measured using the Korean version of the mini-mental state examination, the digit span test, the word list learning test, and the frontal assessment battery. After matching the average concentrations of particulate matter (PM) <10 μm in size (PM 10 ) and <2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ), NO 2 , CO, SO 2 , and O 3 between 2013 and 2017, the association between air pollutants and cognitive scales was analyzed using a linear mixed regression and a multiple logistic regression analysis (after adjusting for age, sex, health related behaviors, socioeconomic status, comorbidity, and meteorological data). Exposure to PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO 2 , SO 2 , and CO was associated with cognitive impairment above and beyond age or education level effects. Specifically, PM 2.5 was negatively associated with most components of the cognitive scales (interquartile range for PM 2.5 : 2.0 μg/m 3 , odds ratio for poor global cognition: 2.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.60–3.26). These associations may be affected by sex, residence area, or alcohol intake. Conclusively, air pollutants, especially PM 2.5 , were associated with cognitive impairment, including global cognition, attention, memory, and executive function in Korean older adults aged ≥70 years.

Suggested Citation

  • Jinyoung Shin & Seol-Heui Han & Jaekyung Choi, 2019. "Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-13, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:19:p:3767-:d:274010
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jung H. Lee & Kang U. Lee & Dong Y. Lee & Ki W. Kim & Jin H. Jhoo & Ju H. Kim & Kun H. Lee & Sung Y. Kim & Sul H. Han & Jong I. Woo, 2002. "Development of the Korean Version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet (CERAD-K)," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 57(1), pages 47-53.
    2. Si-Eun Yoo & Jin-Soo Park & Soo Hyun Lee & Choong-Hee Park & Chul-Woo Lee & Sang-Bo Lee & Seung Do Yu & Sun-Young Kim & Ho Kim, 2019. "Comparison of Short-Term Associations between PM 2.5 Components and Mortality across Six Major Cities in South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-13, August.
    3. Fan Wu & Yanfei Guo & Yang Zheng & Wenjun Ma & Paul Kowal & Somnath Chatterji & Ling Wang, 2016. "Social-Economic Status and Cognitive Performance among Chinese Aged 50 Years and Older," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(11), pages 1-9, November.
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    1. Edgardo Molina-Sotomayor & Humberto Castillo-Quezada & Cristian Martínez-Salazar & Marcelo González-Orb & Alexis Espinoza-Salinas & Jose Antonio Gonzalez-Jurado, 2020. "Effects of Progressive Resistance Training on Cognition and IGF-1 Levels in Elder Women Who Live in Areas with High Air Pollution," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-17, August.
    2. Ming Zeng & Jiang Du & Weike Zhang, 2019. "Spatial-Temporal Effects of PM 2.5 on Health Burden: Evidence from China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-23, November.
    3. Xiaowei Xu & Daxin Dong & Yilun Wang & Shiying Wang, 2019. "The Impacts of Different Air Pollutants on Domestic and Inbound Tourism in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-15, December.
    4. Jinyoung Shin & Jaekyung Choi, 2021. "Frailty Related to the Exposure to Particulate Matter and Ozone: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-12, November.
    5. Chiyou Song & Chris Chaeha Lim & Birhan Legese Gurmu & Mingi Kim & Sangoon Lee & Jinsoo Park & Sungroul Kim, 2023. "Comparison of Personal or Indoor PM 2.5 Exposure Level to That of Outdoor: Over Four Seasons in Selected Urban, Industrial, and Rural Areas of South Korea: (K-IOP Study)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(17), pages 1-12, August.
    6. Meng-Chieh Chen & Chen-Feng Wang & Bo-Cheng Lai & Sun-Wung Hsieh & Szu-Chia Chen & Chih-Hsing Hung & Chao-Hung Kuo, 2021. "Air Pollution Is Associated with Poor Cognitive Function in Taiwanese Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-12, January.
    7. Jinyoung Shin & Hyungwoo Lee & Hyeongsu Kim, 2020. "Association between Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Age-Related Cataract: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-11, December.
    8. Miguel Ángel Aguilar-Jurado & Pedro Gil-Madrona & Juan Francisco Ortega-Dato & David Zamorano-García, 2019. "Effects of an Educational Glass Recycling Program against Environmental Pollution in Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-16, December.

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