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Changes in Substance Abuse and HIV Risk Behaviors over 12-Month Methadone Maintenance Treatment among Vietnamese Patients in Mountainous Provinces

Author

Listed:
  • Bach Xuan Tran

    (Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
    Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
    Vietnam Young Physician Association, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

  • Mercy Fleming

    (School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland)

  • Tam Minh Thi Nguyen

    (Vietnam Authority of HIV/AIDS Control, Ministry of Health, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

  • Giang Thu Vu

    (Center of Excellence in Evidence-based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam)

  • Quan Hoang Vuong

    (Centre of Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam
    Faculty of Economics and Finance, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam)

  • Manh-Tung Ho

    (Centre of Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam
    Faculty of Economics and Finance, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam)

  • Nhue Van Dam

    (Faculty of Graduate Studies, National Economics University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

  • Thu-Trang Vuong

    (Sciences Po Paris, Campus de Dijon, Dijon 21000, France)

  • Ha Ngoc Do

    (Youth Research Institute, Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam)

  • Linh Phuong Doan

    (Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam)

  • Carl Latkin

    (Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA)

  • Cyrus SH Ho

    (Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore)

  • Roger CM Ho

    (Center of Excellence in Evidence-based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
    Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119078, Singapore
    Department of Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Department at the Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119078, Singapore)

Abstract

Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) programs have been used worldwide to reduce the number of drug users and for HIV prevention; however, evidence of their effectiveness in mountainous areas is limited. This study aimed to identify changes in substance abuse and sexual practices among MMT patients after treatment in three Vietnamese mountainous provinces. A survey on risk behaviors was conducted among 300 drug users in six MMT clinics prior to and following one year of MMT. Cramér’s effect size of changes was extrapolated to justify the magnitude of the intervention’s effectiveness. A generalized estimation equation was used to find the factors associated with respondents’ substance use and sexual risk behavior. While drug-related risk behaviors were significantly reduced, alcohol and sex-related behaviors remained risk factors for HIV in this group. Additionally, condom use was common among participants at both time points, but not among those having sex with sex workers. Socio-economic characteristics of ethnic, education, occupation, as well as drug use history influenced the possibility of engaging in drug use and/or sexual risk behavior following treatment. Further emphasis on managing these among MMT patients is required, potentially by providing integrated services including smoking and drinking counseling and condom use promotion in accordance with MMT.

Suggested Citation

  • Bach Xuan Tran & Mercy Fleming & Tam Minh Thi Nguyen & Giang Thu Vu & Quan Hoang Vuong & Manh-Tung Ho & Nhue Van Dam & Thu-Trang Vuong & Ha Ngoc Do & Linh Phuong Doan & Carl Latkin & Cyrus SH Ho & Rog, 2019. "Changes in Substance Abuse and HIV Risk Behaviors over 12-Month Methadone Maintenance Treatment among Vietnamese Patients in Mountainous Provinces," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-12, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:13:p:2422-:d:246563
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tam Minh Thi Nguyen & Bach Xuan Tran & Mercerdes Fleming & Manh Duc Pham & Long Thanh Nguyen & Huong Thi Le & Anh Lan Thi Nguyen & Huong Thi Le & Thang Huu Nguyen & Van Hai Hoang & Xuan Thanh Thi Le &, 2018. "Methadone Maintenance Treatment Reduces the Vulnerability of Drug Users on HIV/AIDS in Vietnamese Remote Settings: Assessing the Changes in HIV Knowledge, Perceived Risk, and Testing Uptake after a 12," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-9, November.
    2. Bach Xuan Tran & Jongnam Hwang & Long Hoang Nguyen & Anh Tuan Nguyen & Noah Reed Knowlton Latkin & Ngoc Kim Tran & Vu Thi Minh Thuc & Huong Lan Thi Nguyen & Huong Thu Thi Phan & Huong Thi Le & Tho Din, 2016. "Impact of Socioeconomic Inequality on Access, Adherence, and Outcomes of Antiretroviral Treatment Services for People Living with HIV/AIDS in Vietnam," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(12), pages 1-13, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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