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Emission Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Open Burning of Rice Straw in the North of Vietnam

Author

Listed:
  • Chau-Thuy Pham

    (Faculty of Environment, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 131001, Vietnam)

  • Yaowatat Boongla

    (Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumtani 12121, Thailand)

  • Trung-Dung Nghiem

    (School of Environmental Science and Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi 112400, Vietnam)

  • Huu-Tuyen Le

    (VNU-University of Science, Vietnam National University-Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 120000, Vietnam)

  • Ning Tang

    (Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
    Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan)

  • Akira Toriba

    (Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan)

  • Kazuichi Hayakawa

    (Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan)

Abstract

This research investigated the distribution and contribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) bound to particulate matter (PM) emitted from open burning of rice straw (RS) into the atmosphere in the north of Vietnam. The experiments were conducted to collect PM 2.5 and total suspended particulates (TSP) prior to and during burning in the period of 2016–2018 in suburban areas of Hanoi. Nine PAHs and 18 NPAHs were determined using the HPLC-FL system. The results showed that the proportion of RS burning seasonally affects the variation of PAHs emission in atmospheric environment. The levels of nine PAHs from RS burning were 254.4 ± 87.8 µg g −1 for PM 2.5 and 209.7 ± 89.5 µg g −1 for TSP. We observed the fact that, although fluoranthene (Flu) was the most abundant PAH among detected PAHs both in PM 2.5 and TSP, the enrichment of Flu in TSP from burning smoke was higher than that in PM 2.5 while the contribution of benzo[ a ]pyrene (B a P) and indeno[ 1,2,3- cd ]pyrene (IDP) in PM 2.5 from burning smoke were much higher than those in TSP. This research found that 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) and 6-nitrochrysene (6-NC) emit from RS burning with the same range with those from wood burning. The 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF) and 2-nitropyrene (2-NP) released from RS burning as the secondary NPAHs. This research provides a comprehensive contribution characterization of PAHs and NPAHs in PM with different size emitted from traditional local rice straw burning in the north of Vietnam. The results help to clarify the environmental behavior of toxic organic compounds from RS burning in Southeast Asia.

Suggested Citation

  • Chau-Thuy Pham & Yaowatat Boongla & Trung-Dung Nghiem & Huu-Tuyen Le & Ning Tang & Akira Toriba & Kazuichi Hayakawa, 2019. "Emission Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Open Burning of Rice Straw in the North of Vietnam," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:13:p:2343-:d:245114
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Takashi Kubo & Wenzhi Bai & Masaki Nagae & Yuji Takao, 2020. "Seasonal Fluctuation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Aerosol Genotoxicity in Long-Range Transported Air Mass Observed at the Western End of Japan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-15, February.
    2. Hao Zhang & Xuan Zhang & Yan Wang & Pengchu Bai & Kazuichi Hayakawa & Lulu Zhang & Ning Tang, 2022. "Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Emitted from Open Burning and Stove Burning of Biomass: A Brief Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-17, March.
    3. Lu Yang & Hao Zhang & Xuan Zhang & Wanli Xing & Yan Wang & Pengchu Bai & Lulu Zhang & Kazuichi Hayakawa & Akira Toriba & Ning Tang, 2021. "Exposure to Atmospheric Particulate Matter-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Health Effects: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-25, February.

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