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Lipid Profiles, Glycated Hemoglobin, and Diabetes in People Living at High Altitude in Nepal

Author

Listed:
  • Nirmal Aryal

    (Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington 6021, New Zealand)

  • Mark Weatherall

    (Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington 6021, New Zealand)

  • Yadav Kumar Deo Bhatta

    (Norvic International Hospital, Kathmandu 14126, Nepal)

  • Stewart Mann

    (Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington 6021, New Zealand)

Abstract

This study aimed to describe lipid profiles and the distribution of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in a sample of a high altitude population of Nepal and to explore associations between these metabolic risk variables and altitude. A cross-sectional survey of cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors was conducted among 521 people living at four different altitude levels, all above 2800 m, in the Mustang and Humla districts of Nepal. Urban participants (residents at 2800 m and 3620 m) had higher total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) than rural participants. A high ratio of TC to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL) (TC/HDL ≥ 5.0) was found in 23.7% (95% CI 19.6, 28.2) and high TG (≥1.7 mmol/L) in 43.3% (95% CI 38.4, 48.3) of participants overall. Mean HbA1c levels were similar at all altitude levels although urban participants had a higher prevalence of diabetes. Overall, 6.9% (95% CI 4.7, 9.8) of participants had diabetes or were on hypoglycaemic treatment. There was no clear association between lipid profiles or HbA1c and altitude in a multivariate analysis adjusted for possible confounding variables. Residential settings and associated lifestyle practices are more strongly associated with lipid profiles and HbA1c than altitude amongst high altitude residents in Nepal.

Suggested Citation

  • Nirmal Aryal & Mark Weatherall & Yadav Kumar Deo Bhatta & Stewart Mann, 2017. "Lipid Profiles, Glycated Hemoglobin, and Diabetes in People Living at High Altitude in Nepal," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-12, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:9:p:1041-:d:111457
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Bishwajit Bhowmik & Tasnima Siddiquee & Anindita Mujumder & Faria Afsana & Tareen Ahmed & Ibrahimu A. Mdala & Nayla Cristina Do V. Moreira & Abul Kalam Azad Khan & Akhtar Hussain & Gerd Holmboe-Ottese, 2018. "Serum Lipid Profile and Its Association with Diabetes and Prediabetes in a Rural Bangladeshi Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-12, September.
    2. Chandra Yogal & Sunila Shakya & Biraj Karmarcharya & Rajendra Koju & Astrid Kamilla Stunes & Mats Peder Mosti & Miriam K. Gustafsson & Bjørn Olav Åsvold & Berit Schei & Unni Syversen, 2022. "Diabetes Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Women in a Rural District of Nepal Using HbA1c as a Diagnostic Tool: A Population-Based Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-15, June.

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