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Prospective Analysis of the Influence of Sport and Educational Factors on the Prevalence and Initiation of Smoking in Older Adolescents from Croatia

Author

Listed:
  • Natasa Zenic

    (Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia)

  • Djivo Ban

    (Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
    University of Dubrovnik, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia)

  • Sanja Jurisic

    (Faculty of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina)

  • Mladen Cubela

    (Faculty of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina)

  • Jelena Rodek

    (Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia)

  • Ljerka Ostojic

    (Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
    Faculty of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Academy of Medical Sciences, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)

  • Mario Jelicic

    (Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia)

  • Antonino Bianco

    (Sport and Exercise Research Unit, SPPF Department, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy)

  • Damir Sekulic

    (Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
    University Department of Health Care Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia)

Abstract

The prevalence of smoking among Croatian adolescents is alarmingly high, but no previous study has prospectively examined the sport- and academic-factors associated with smoking and smoking initiation. This study aimed to prospectively examine the associations between scholastic (educational) achievement and sport factors and smoking in 16- to 18-year-old adolescents. This two-year prospective cohort study included 644 adolescents who were 16 years of age at baseline (46% females). Baseline testing was implemented at the beginning of the 3rd year of high school (September 2014) when participants were 16 years old. Follow-up testing was completed at the end of the fourth year of high school, which occurred 20 months later. The evaluated predictor variables were educational-achievement- and sport-related-factors. The outcome variables were (i) smoking at baseline; (ii) smoking at follow-up; and (iii) smoking initiation over the course of the study. We assessed the associations between predictors and outcomes using logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic status, and conflict with parents. The educational variables were consistently associated with smoking, with lower grade-point-average (Baseline: odd ratio (OR): 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.61–2.55; Follow-up: 1.59, 1.31–1.94), more frequent absence from school (Baseline: OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.19–1.69; Follow-up: 1.30, 1.08–1.58), and lower behavioral grades (Baseline: OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.10–2.89; Follow-up: 1.57, 1.03–2.41) in children who smoke. Adolescents who reported quitting sports were at greater odds of being smokers (Baseline: 2.07, 1.31–3.32; Follow-up: 1.66, 1.09–2.56). Sport competitive achievement at baseline was protective against smoking initiation during following two-year period (0.45, 0.21–0.91). While the influence of the educational variables on smoking initiation has been found to be established earlier; sport achievement was identified as a significant protective factor against initiating smoking in older adolescents. Results should be used in development of an anti-smoking preventive campaign in older adolescents.

Suggested Citation

  • Natasa Zenic & Djivo Ban & Sanja Jurisic & Mladen Cubela & Jelena Rodek & Ljerka Ostojic & Mario Jelicic & Antonino Bianco & Damir Sekulic, 2017. "Prospective Analysis of the Influence of Sport and Educational Factors on the Prevalence and Initiation of Smoking in Older Adolescents from Croatia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-12, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:4:p:446-:d:96379
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Natasa Zenic & Admir Terzic & Jelena Rodek & Miodrag Spasic & Damir Sekulic, 2015. "Gender-Specific Analyses of the Prevalence and Factors Associated with Substance Use and Misuse among Bosniak Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-15, June.
    2. Dusko Bjelica & Kemal Idrizovic & Stevo Popovic & Nedim Sisic & Damir Sekulic & Ljerka Ostojic & Miodrag Spasic & Natasa Zenic, 2016. "An Examination of the Ethnicity-Specific Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Substance Use and Misuse: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Croatian and Bosniak Adolescents in Bosnia and Herzegovina," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-15, September.
    3. Joanna Mazur & Izabela Tabak & Anna Dzielska & Krzysztof Wąż & Anna Oblacińska, 2016. "The Relationship between Multiple Substance Use, Perceived Academic Achievements, and Selected Socio-Demographic Factors in a Polish Adolescent Sample," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-13, December.
    4. Parrinello, C.M. & Isasi, C.R. & Xue, X. & Bandiera, F.C. & Cai, J. & Lee, D.J. & Navas-Nacher, E.L. & Perreira, K.M. & Salgado, H. & Kaplan, R.C., 2015. "Risk of cigarette smoking initiation during adolescence among US-born and non - US-born Hispanics/Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 105(6), pages 1230-1236.
    5. Enver Tahiraj & Mladen Cubela & Ljerka Ostojic & Jelena Rodek & Natasa Zenic & Damir Sekulic & Blaz Lesnik, 2016. "Prevalence and Factors Associated with Substance Use and Misuse among Kosovar Adolescents; Cross Sectional Study of Scholastic, Familial-, and Sports-Related Factors of Influence," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-13, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Dorica Sajber & Dora Maric & Jelena Rodek & Damir Sekulic & Silvester Liposek, 2019. "Toward Prevention of Doping in Youth Sport: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Correlates of Doping Tendency in Swimming," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Lejla Obradovic Salcin & Vesna Miljanovic Damjanovic & Anamarija Jurcev Savicevic & Divo Ban & Natasa Zenic, 2019. "Prospective Analysis of Prevalence, Trajectories of Change, and Correlates of Cannabis Misuse in Older Adolescents from Coastal Touristic Regions in Croatia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-14, August.
    3. Vesna Miljanovic Damjanovic & Lejla Obradovic Salcin & Natasa Zenic & Nikola Foretic & Silvester Liposek, 2019. "Identifying Predictors of Changes in Physical Activity Level in Adolescence: A Prospective Analysis in Bosnia and Herzegovina," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-14, July.

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