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Brand Cigarillos: Low Price but High Particulate Matter Levels—Is Their Favorable Taxation in the European Union Justified?

Author

Listed:
  • Julia Wasel
  • Michael Boll
  • Michaela Schulze
  • Daniel Mueller
  • Matthias Bundschuh
  • David A. Groneberg
  • Alexander Gerber

Abstract

Background : Second hand smoke (ETS)-associated particulate matter (PM) contributes considerably to indoor air contamination and constitutes a health risk for passive smokers. Easy to measure, PM is a useful parameter to estimate the dosage of ETS that passive smokers are exposed to. Apart from its suitability as a surrogate parameter for ETS-exposure, PM itself affects human morbidity and mortality in a dose-dependent manner. We think that ETS-associated PM should be considered an independent hazard factor, separately from the many other known harmful compounds of ETS. We believe that brand-specific and tobacco-product-specific differences in the release of PM matter and that these differences are of public interest. Methods : To generate ETS of cigarettes and cigarillos as standardized and reproducible as possible, an automatic second hand smoke emitter (AETSE) was developed and placed in a glass chamber. L&M cigarettes (“without additives”, “red label”, “blue label”), L&M filtered cigarillos (“red”) and 3R4F standard research cigarettes (as reference) were smoked automatically according to a self-developed, standardized protocol until the tobacco product was smoked down to 8 mm distance from the tipping paper of the filter. Results : Mean concentration (Cmean) and area under the curve (AUC) in a plot of PM 2.5 against time were measured, and compared. CmeanPM 2.5 were found to be 518 μg/m 3 for 3R4F cigarettes, 576 μg/m 3 for L&M “without additives” (“red”), 448 μg/m 3 for L&M “blue label”, 547 μg/m 3 for L&M “red label”, and 755 μg/m 3 for L&M filtered cigarillos (“red”). AUCPM2.5-values were 208,214 μg/m 3 ·s for 3R4F reference cigarettes, 204,629 μg/m 3 ·s for L&M “without additives” (“red”), 152,718 μg/m 3 ·s for L&M “blue label”, 238,098 μg/m 3 ·s for L&M “red label” and 796,909 μg/m 3 ·s for L&M filtered cigarillos (“red”). Conclusion : Considering the large and significant differences in particulate matter emissions between cigarettes and cigarillos, we think that a favorable taxation of cigarillos is not justifiable.

Suggested Citation

  • Julia Wasel & Michael Boll & Michaela Schulze & Daniel Mueller & Matthias Bundschuh & David A. Groneberg & Alexander Gerber, 2015. "Brand Cigarillos: Low Price but High Particulate Matter Levels—Is Their Favorable Taxation in the European Union Justified?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-13, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:8:p:9141-9153:d:53825
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alexander Gerber & Alexander Bigelow & Michaela Schulze & David A. Groneberg, 2015. "Brand Cigarillos — A Cheap and Less Harmful Alternative to Cigarettes? Particulate Matter Emissions Suggest Otherwise," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-11, January.
    2. Chiang-Ming Chen & Kuo-Liang Chang & Lin Lin & Jwo-Leun Lee, 2014. "Brand switching or reduced consumption? A study of how cigarette taxes affect tobacco consumption," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 15(9), pages 991-998, December.
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    1. Markus Braun & Friedemann Koger & Doris Klingelhöfer & Ruth Müller & David A. Groneberg, 2019. "Particulate Matter Emissions of Four Different Cigarette Types of One Popular Brand: Influence of Tobacco Strength and Additives," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-11, January.
    2. Maria Schulz & Alexander Gerber & David A. Groneberg, 2016. "Are Filter-Tipped Cigarettes Still Less Harmful than Non-Filter Cigarettes?—A Laser Spectrometric Particulate Matter Analysis from the Non-Smokers Point of View," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-11, April.
    3. Nora Kant & Ruth Müller & Markus Braun & Alexander Gerber & David Groneberg, 2016. "Particulate Matter in Second-Hand Smoke Emitted from Different Cigarette Sizes and Types of the Brand Vogue Mainly Smoked by Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-10, August.
    4. Markus Braun & Rawya Al-Qaysi & Doris Klingelhöfer & Ruth Müller & David A. Groneberg, 2020. "High Particulate Matter Burden of Cigarettes from the United Arab Emirates and Germany: Are There Country-Specific Differences?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-12, April.
    5. Vittoria Cammalleri & Daniela Marotta & Carmela Protano & Matteo Vitali & Paolo Villari & Maria Sofia Cattaruzza & on behalf of the Smoke-free Department Working Group, 2020. "How Do Combustion and Non-Combustion Products Used Outdoors Affect Outdoor and Indoor Particulate Matter Levels? A Field Evaluation Near the Entrance of an Italian University Library," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-15, July.

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