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Adhesion Forces of Shale Oil Droplet on Mica Surface with Different Roughness: An Experimental Investigation Using Atomic Force Microscopy

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  • Ting’an Bai

    (Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology of Petroleum Exploration and Development in Hubei Province, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Feng Yang

    (Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology of Petroleum Exploration and Development in Hubei Province, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
    Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China)

  • Huan Wang

    (Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology of Petroleum Exploration and Development in Hubei Province, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • He Zheng

    (Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology of Petroleum Exploration and Development in Hubei Province, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

Abstract

In order to investigate the effect of rock surface roughness on the occurrence state of shale oil, muscovite mica was firstly characterized by performing atomic force microscopy (AFM). Two-dimensional (2D) images and the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the mica surface were obtained. Wettability of the micas was measured according to the sessile drop method using shale oil, collected from a lacustrine shale oil well drilling through the Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin. Then, the adhesion forces between shale oil and mica surface with a different roughness were finely measured using AFM mounted with the shale oil modified probe tips. The adhesion force curves at the approaching and retract modes were obtained. The results show that the average roughness value of the mica samples was about 1 nm, while the maximum height was up to 4 nm. The contact angle between shale oil and mica ranged from 128.73° to 145.81°, and increased with increasing surface roughness, which can be described by the Wenzel model. The adhesion force between shale oil and mica also increased with an increasing contact area. Shale oil can fill the deep valleys on the rough surface of rocks and then form microscopic storage for oil droplets. The maximum adhesion force, reached at a distance of about 5–10 nm between shale oil droplets and micas, was between 14 and 30 nN. The adhesion force disappeared when the distance was larger than 40 nm. These indicate that shale oil in pores with a diameter of less than 10 nm was tightly adsorbed, and formed a layered accumulation pattern. Additional energy is needed to decrease the disjoining pressure and then separate shale oil from these tight pores. Shale oil is freely movable at pores with pore diameters of larger than 40 nm. This work provides a new insight about the interaction between shale oil and rock, and helps to understand the occurrence mechanism of shale oil.

Suggested Citation

  • Ting’an Bai & Feng Yang & Huan Wang & He Zheng, 2022. "Adhesion Forces of Shale Oil Droplet on Mica Surface with Different Roughness: An Experimental Investigation Using Atomic Force Microscopy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-15, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:17:p:6460-:d:906595
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fei Zhao & Zaitian Dong & Chaoyong Wang & Wenli Zhang & Rui Yu, 2022. "Pore Connectivity Characteristics and Controlling Factors for Black Shales in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, Southeastern Sichuan Basin, China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-16, April.
    2. Heting Gao & Xinping Zhou & Zhigang Wen & Wen Guo & Weichao Tian & Shixiang Li & Yunpeng Fan & Yushu Luo, 2022. "Classification and Evaluation of Shale Oil Reservoirs of the Chang 7 1-2 Sub-Member in the Longdong Area," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-18, July.
    3. Yongchao Wang & Yanqing Xia & Zihui Feng & Hongmei Shao & Junli Qiu & Suping Ma & Jiaqiang Zhang & Haoyuan Jiang & Jiyong Li & Bo Gao & Lingling Li, 2021. "Microscale Evaluation of Tight Oil Mobility: Insights from Pore Network Simulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-10, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yangbo Lu & Feng Yang & Ting’an Bai & Bing Han & Yongchao Lu & Han Gao, 2022. "Shale Oil Occurrence Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review of the Occurrence State, Occurrence Space, and Movability of Shale Oil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-16, December.

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