IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i24p8488-d703795.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Profitability of Prosumers According to Various Business Models—An Analysis in the Light of the COVID-19 Effect

Author

Listed:
  • Maciej Sołtysik

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Częstochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej St. 17, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland)

  • Mariusz Kozakiewicz

    (Collegium of Economic Analysis, Warsaw School of Economics, Madalińskiego 6/8 St., 02-513 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Jakub Jasiński

    (Institute of Rural and Agricultural Development, Polish Academy of Sciences, 72 Nowy Świat St., 00-330 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

The European Union has set itself ambitious emission-reduction targets—becoming carbon neutral by 2050. The member states’ energy systems are increasingly switching to renewable and decentralized configurations, in line with the EU guidelines. This is accompanied by the support for “prosumers”—entities that both consume and generate renewable energy. In parallel, a number of prosumer support schemes are emerging as a result of the search for optimal development paths. At the same time, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the power market, causing huge anomalies mainly in demand and billing. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of the proposed changes in the prosumer schemes on the level of benefits prosumers obtained, including the performance of sensitivity analyses reflected in different levels and stability of electricity consumption resulting from extreme situations caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Numerical computer simulations for five predefined prosumer support schemes were carried out in the R-project environment. The basic conclusion is that the prosumer benefits most from participating in the applicable discount mechanism, in which the unused energy is fed into a network storage, from which the prosumer can take 70% or 80% of the stored volume. The research also allows us to conclude that in Poland the COVID-19 pandemic has had a very significant impact on the level and profile of energy demand due to the introduction of restrictions on selected areas and economic sectors. The reduced demand is particularly visible in services (−58%), tourism and sport (−39%), and education (−19%). The analysis is an important contribution to the search for an optimal model of prosumer market development in Europe.

Suggested Citation

  • Maciej Sołtysik & Mariusz Kozakiewicz & Jakub Jasiński, 2021. "Profitability of Prosumers According to Various Business Models—An Analysis in the Light of the COVID-19 Effect," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-22, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:24:p:8488-:d:703795
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/24/8488/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/24/8488/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Krzysztof Zamasz & Jakub Stęchły & Aleksandra Komorowska & Przemysław Kaszyński, 2021. "The Impact of Fleet Electrification on Carbon Emissions: A Case Study from Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-17, October.
    2. Józef Paska & Tomasz Surma & Paweł Terlikowski & Krzysztof Zagrajek, 2020. "Electricity Generation from Renewable Energy Sources in Poland as a Part of Commitment to the Polish and EU Energy Policy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-31, August.
    3. Magdalena Wójcik-Jurkiewicz & Marzena Czarnecka & Grzegorz Kinelski & Beata Sadowska & Katarzyna Bilińska-Reformat, 2021. "Determinants of Decarbonisation in the Transformation of the Energy Sector: The Case of Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-22, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zbigniew J. Makieła & Grzegorz Kinelski & Jakub Stęchły & Mariusz Raczek & Krzysztof Wrana & Janusz Michałek, 2022. "Tools for Network Smart City Management—The Case Study of Potential Possibility of Managing Energy and Associated Emissions in Metropolitan Areas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-21, March.
    2. Anita De Franco & Elisabetta Venco & Roberto De Lotto & Caterina Pietra & Florian Kutzner & Mona Bielig & Melanie Vogel, 2023. "Drivers, Motivations, and Barriers in the Creation of Energy Communities: Insights from the City of Segrate, Italy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1, August.
    3. Zbigniew J. Makieła & Magdalena M. Stuss & Karolina Mucha-Kuś & Grzegorz Kinelski & Marcin Budziński & Janusz Michałek, 2022. "Smart City 4.0: Sustainable Urban Development in the Metropolis GZM," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-19, March.
    4. Grzegorz Kinelski & Jakub Stęchły & Piotr Bartkowiak, 2022. "Various Facets of Sustainable Smart City Management: Selected Examples from Polish Metropolitan Areas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-23, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Grzegorz Kinelski & Jakub Stęchły & Piotr Bartkowiak, 2022. "Various Facets of Sustainable Smart City Management: Selected Examples from Polish Metropolitan Areas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-23, April.
    2. Zbigniew J. Makieła & Grzegorz Kinelski & Jakub Stęchły & Mariusz Raczek & Krzysztof Wrana & Janusz Michałek, 2022. "Tools for Network Smart City Management—The Case Study of Potential Possibility of Managing Energy and Associated Emissions in Metropolitan Areas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-21, March.
    3. Adam Dominiak & Artur Rusowicz, 2022. "Change of Fossil-Fuel-Related Carbon Productivity Index of the Main Manufacturing Sectors in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-14, September.
    4. Ju-Hee Kim & Young-Kuk Kim & Seung-Hoon Yoo, 2023. "Does Proximity to a Power Plant Affect Housing Property Values of a City in South Korea? An Empirical Investigation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-14, February.
    5. Maliyamu Abudureheman & Qingzhe Jiang & Xiucheng Dong & Cong Dong, 2022. "CO 2 Emissions in China: Does the Energy Rebound Matter?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-25, June.
    6. Lin Wang & Yuping Xing, 2022. "Risk Assessment of a Coupled Natural Gas and Electricity Market Considering Dual Interactions: A System Dynamics Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-18, December.
    7. Anna Misztal & Magdalena Kowalska & Anita Fajczak-Kowalska & Otakar Strunecky, 2021. "Energy Efficiency and Decarbonization in the Context of Macroeconomic Stabilization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-18, August.
    8. Maciej Ciołek & Izabela Emerling & Katarzyna Olejko & Beata Sadowska & Magdalena Wójcik-Jurkiewicz, 2022. "Assumptions of the Energy Policy of the Country versus Investment Outlays Related to the Purchase of Alternative Fuels: Poland as a Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-18, March.
    9. Anna Bluszcz & Anna Manowska, 2021. "The Use of Hierarchical Agglomeration Methods in Assessing the Polish Energy Market," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-18, July.
    10. Elżbieta Jadwiga Szymańska & Maria Kubacka & Joanna Woźniak & Jan Polaszczyk, 2022. "Analysis of Residential Buildings in Poland for Potential Energy Renovation toward Zero-Emission Construction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-24, December.
    11. Beata Sadowska & Magdalena Wójcik-Jurkiewicz & Grzegorz Zimon & Adam Lulek & Nina Stępnicka & Robert Walasek, 2023. "The Business Model in Energy Sector Reporting—A Case Study from Poland: A Pilot Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-18, February.
    12. Krzysztof Zagrajek & Mariusz Kłos & Desire D. Rasolomampionona & Mirosław Lewandowski & Karol Pawlak & Łukasz Baran & Tomasz Barcz & Przemysław Kołaczyński & Wojciech Suchecki, 2023. "Investing in Distributed Generation Technologies at Polish University Campuses during the Energy Transition Era," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-24, June.
    13. Alina Maciejewska & Łukasz Kuzak & Janusz Sobieraj & Dominik Metelski, 2022. "The Impact of Opencast Lignite Mining on Rural Development: A Literature Review and Selected Case Studies Using Desk Research, Panel Data and GIS-Based Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-36, July.
    14. Carlos Santos-Iglesia & Pablo Fernández-Arias & Álvaro Antón-Sancho & Diego Vergara, 2022. "Energy Consumption of the Urban Transport Fleet in UNESCO World Heritage Sites: A Case Study of Ávila (Spain)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-19, May.
    15. Niki Derlukiewicz & Anna Mempel-Śnieżyk & Tomasz Pilewicz & Małgorzata Godlewska, 2021. "Bottom-Up Initiatives Undertaken by Local Governments to Support Entrepreneurship," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, October.
    16. Małgorzata Żak-Skwierczyńska, 2022. "Energy Transition of the Coal Region and Challenges for Local and Regional Authorities: The Case of the Bełchatów Basin Area in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-32, December.
    17. Beata Piotrowska & Daniel Słyś, 2022. "Comprehensive Analysis of the State of Technology in the Field of Waste Heat Recovery from Grey Water," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-20, December.
    18. Marzena Czarnecka & Grzegorz Kinelski & Magdalena Stefańska & Mateusz Grzesiak & Borys Budka, 2022. "Social Media Engagement in Shaping Green Energy Business Models," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-19, February.
    19. Maciej Sołtysik & Mariusz Kozakiewicz & Jakub Jasiński, 2022. "Improvement of Operating Efficiency of Energy Cooperatives with the Use of “Crypto-Coin Mining”," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-25, October.
    20. Tianbo Wu & Dan Zhou & Hao Cheng & Keqiu Zhang & Yihao Jiang, 2023. "Research on the Policy Effects and Impact Mechanisms of the Belt and Road Initiative on China’s Forest Products Trade," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-17, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:24:p:8488-:d:703795. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.