IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v13y2020i23p6286-d453048.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Offshore Wind Farm Black Start Service Integration: Review and Outlook of Ongoing Research

Author

Listed:
  • Daniela Pagnani

    (Electrical System Design and Grid Integration, Ørsted Wind Power, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
    Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Frede Blaabjerg

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Claus Leth Bak

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Filipe Miguel Faria da Silva

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Łukasz H. Kocewiak

    (Electrical System Design and Grid Integration, Ørsted Wind Power, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark)

  • Jesper Hjerrild

    (Electrical System Design and Grid Integration, Ørsted Wind Power, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark)

Abstract

A review of the ongoing research on black start (BS) service integrated with offshore wind farms (OWFs) is presented in this paper. The overall goal is to firstly gain a better understanding of the BS capabilities required by modern power systems. Subsequently, the challenges faced by OWFs as novel BS service providers as well as an outlook on the ongoing research which may provide solutions to these are presented. OWFs have the potential to be a fast and environmentally friendly technology to provide BS services for power system restoration and, therefore, to ensure resiliency after blackouts. As a power electronic-based system, OWFs can be equipped with a self-starter in the system in order to perform BS. The self-start unit could be a synchronous generator (SG) or a power electronic unit such as a grid-forming (GFM) converter. Preliminary BS studies performed in PSCAD/EMTDC are presented in a simplified OWF system via an SG as the self-start unit. Consequently, technical challenges during the BS procedure in an OWF benchmark system are outlined via theoretical discussions and simulations results. This is useful to understand the threats to power electronics during BS. Finally, the most relevant GFM strategies in the state-of-the-art literature are presented and their application to OWF BS is discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniela Pagnani & Frede Blaabjerg & Claus Leth Bak & Filipe Miguel Faria da Silva & Łukasz H. Kocewiak & Jesper Hjerrild, 2020. "Offshore Wind Farm Black Start Service Integration: Review and Outlook of Ongoing Research," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-24, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:23:p:6286-:d:453048
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/23/6286/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/23/6286/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jakob Glasdam & Claus Leth Bak & Jesper Hjerrild, 2012. "Transient Studies in Large Offshore Wind Farms Employing Detailed Circuit Breaker Representation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(7), pages 1-18, July.
    2. Yanli Xin & Bo Liu & Wenhu Tang & Qinghua Wu, 2016. "Modeling and Mitigation for High Frequency Switching Transients Due to Energization in Offshore Wind Farms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-16, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Abdulrahman Alassi & Khaled Ahmed & Agustí Egea-Àlvarez & Omar Ellabban, 2021. "Innovative Energy Management System for MVDC Networks with Black-Start Capabilities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-21, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gang Liu & Yaxun Guo & Yanli Xin & Lei You & Xiaofeng Jiang & Ming Zheng & Wenhu Tang, 2018. "Analysis of Switching Transients during Energization in Large Offshore Wind Farms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-13, February.
    2. Rodrigo Teixeira Pinto & Sílvio Fragoso Rodrigues & Edwin Wiggelinkhuizen & Ricardo Scherrer & Pavol Bauer & Jan Pierik, 2012. "Operation and Power Flow Control of Multi-Terminal DC Networks for Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Farms Using Genetic Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-26, December.
    3. Marek Florkowski & Jakub Furgał & Maciej Kuniewski & Piotr Pająk, 2020. "Overvoltage Impact on Internal Insulation Systems of Transformers in Electrical Networks with Vacuum Circuit Breakers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-14, December.
    4. Ziheng Pu & Hao Liu & Yaoqiang Wang & Xinyun Yu & Tian Wu, 2023. "Simulation and Protection of Reignition Overvoltage in Wind Farm Considering Microscopic Dielectric Recovery Process of Vacuum Circuit Breaker," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-16, February.
    5. Yanli Xin & Bo Liu & Wenhu Tang & Qinghua Wu, 2016. "Modeling and Mitigation for High Frequency Switching Transients Due to Energization in Offshore Wind Farms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-16, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:23:p:6286-:d:453048. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.