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The Potential Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on the Epigenetic Regulation of Innate Immune Memory

Author

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  • Raphael Watt

    (Clinical Epigenetics, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands 6009, Australia
    School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia)

  • Kimberley Parkin

    (Clinical Epigenetics, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands 6009, Australia
    School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia)

  • David Martino

    (Clinical Epigenetics, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands 6009, Australia
    School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
    Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia)

Abstract

The regulation of innate immunity is substantially more ‘plastic’ than previously appreciated. Innate immune memory (manifested through trained immunity and tolerance) is a recently described epigenetic phenomenon that is a model example, with broad implications for infectious disease, allergy and autoimmunity. Training the innate immune system to combat infections and temper inappropriate responses in non-communicable diseases will likely be an area of intense research. Innate immunity is influenced by short chain fatty acids, which are the natural products of digestion by the intestinal microbiota that possess inherent histone deacetylase inhibitory properties. It therefore stands to reason that a healthy gut microbiome may well influence mucosal and systemic trained immunity via short chain fatty acids. There is a lack of data on this specific topic, and we discuss potential relationships based on available and preliminary evidence. Understanding the link between intestinal microbiome composition, capacity for short chain fatty acid production and downstream effects on innate immune memory in early life will have important implications for host immunobiology. In this review we explore the intersection between the gut microbiota, short chain fatty acids and epigenetic regulation of innate immunity with a focus on early life.

Suggested Citation

  • Raphael Watt & Kimberley Parkin & David Martino, 2020. "The Potential Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on the Epigenetic Regulation of Innate Immune Memory," Challenges, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-16, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jchals:v:11:y:2020:i:2:p:25-:d:426556
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Laurence Macia & Jian Tan & Angelica T. Vieira & Katie Leach & Dragana Stanley & Suzanne Luong & Mikako Maruya & Craig Ian McKenzie & Atsushi Hijikata & Connie Wong & Lauren Binge & Alison N. Thorburn, 2015. "Metabolite-sensing receptors GPR43 and GPR109A facilitate dietary fibre-induced gut homeostasis through regulation of the inflammasome," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-15, November.
    2. Simmie L. Foster & Diana C. Hargreaves & Ruslan Medzhitov, 2007. "Gene-specific control of inflammation by TLR-induced chromatin modifications," Nature, Nature, vol. 447(7147), pages 972-978, June.
    3. Takahiro Matsuki & Kana Yahagi & Hiroshi Mori & Hoshitaka Matsumoto & Taeko Hara & Saya Tajima & Eishin Ogawa & Hiroko Kodama & Kazuya Yamamoto & Takuji Yamada & Satoshi Matsumoto & Ken Kurokawa, 2016. "A key genetic factor for fucosyllactose utilization affects infant gut microbiota development," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-12, September.
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