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Potential Risk of Frost in the Growing Season in Poland

Author

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  • Jadwiga Nidzgorska-Lencewicz

    (Department of Environmental Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, ul. Słowackiego 17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland)

  • Agnieszka Mąkosza

    (Department of Environmental Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, ul. Słowackiego 17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland)

  • Czesław Koźmiński

    (Department of Environmental Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, ul. Słowackiego 17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland)

  • Bożena Michalska

    (Department of Environmental Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, ul. Słowackiego 17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland)

Abstract

Fruits, garden plants, and agricultural crops grown in Poland exhibit wide variations in their sensitivity to frost, particularly in early spring. In the case of frost, generally, the yield and quality are reduced, and sometimes, entire plants can be destroyed. This article characterizes the occurrence of ground frosts (at 5 cm agl) and air frosts (at 200 cm agl) in Poland gathered from 52 meteorological stations affiliated with IMGW-PIB between 1971 and 2020. To assess the real risk of frost to plants, the variability of this phenomenon was analyzed per thermal growing season (defined as air temperature >5 °C), rather than in traditional calendar terms as presented in most studies. In the climatic conditions of Poland, the growing season is characterized by a reported 28 days with ground frost and 13.3 days with air frost, approximately. In spring, the last ground frost disappears, on average, on a country scale, on May 14, and air frost on April 27. In turn, in autumn, the first ground frost is recorded, on average, on 1 October and air frost on 14 October. On the basis of the selected characteristics of frost and the growing season, four areas of potential risk of ground and air frost in the growing season, as well as in spring, were determined with the use of cluster analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Jadwiga Nidzgorska-Lencewicz & Agnieszka Mąkosza & Czesław Koźmiński & Bożena Michalska, 2024. "Potential Risk of Frost in the Growing Season in Poland," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-19, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:14:y:2024:i:3:p:501-:d:1360243
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yongshuo H. Fu & Hongfang Zhao & Shilong Piao & Marc Peaucelle & Shushi Peng & Guiyun Zhou & Philippe Ciais & Mengtian Huang & Annette Menzel & Josep Peñuelas & Yang Song & Yann Vitasse & Zhenzhong Ze, 2015. "Declining global warming effects on the phenology of spring leaf unfolding," Nature, Nature, vol. 526(7571), pages 104-107, October.
    2. Jay Ram Lamichhane, 2021. "Rising risks of late-spring frosts in a changing climate," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 11(7), pages 554-555, July.
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