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Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition to Soil Improves Seed Yield, Foliar Stomatal Conductance, and the Photosynthetic Response of Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.)

Author

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  • Esmaeil Zangani

    (Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran)

  • Kamran Afsahi

    (Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran)

  • Farid Shekari

    (Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran)

  • Eileen Mac Sweeney

    (Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy)

  • Andrea Mastinu

    (Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy)

Abstract

The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on the physiological traits, yield, and seed yield of rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.), were studied in a farm research project of Zanjan University. Three levels of nitrogen (0, 100, and 200 kg/ha) and three levels of phosphorus (0, 75, and 150 kg/ha) were considered. The results showed that an increase in nitrogen level caused an increase in the leaf chlorophyll content so that the application of 200 kg/ha of nitrogen increased the chlorophyll content of the leaves until the mid-grain filling stage. Nitrogen application lowered leaf stomatal conductance in the early flowering stage whereas the stomatal conductance was increased during the late flowering stage. Nitrogen application (100 and 200 kg/ha) also increased the quantum yield of photosystem II. On the other hand, with the application of 150 kg/ha and 75 kg/ha of phosphorus, the leaf stomatal conductance and the quantum yield of photosystem II in the early flowering stage increased respectively. The results showed that the application of 200 kg/ha of nitrogen and 75 kg/ha of phosphorus significantly increased seed and oil yield compared to the control. In addition, the number of siliques per plant and the weight of 1000 seeds showed an increasing trend that was affected by nitrogen and phosphorus levels. This study demonstrated that nitrogen enhanced the chlorophyll content, leaf area, and consequently, the quantum yield of photosystem II. Nitrogen also augmented the seed filling duration, seed yield, and oil yield by increasing gas exchange. As a result, the application of 100 kg/ha of nitrogen together with 75 kg/ha phosphorus showed the greatest effect on the qualitative and quantitative yield of rapeseed. However, the application of 200 kg/ha of nitrogen alone or in combination with different levels of phosphorus did not significantly increase many of the studied traits.

Suggested Citation

  • Esmaeil Zangani & Kamran Afsahi & Farid Shekari & Eileen Mac Sweeney & Andrea Mastinu, 2021. "Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition to Soil Improves Seed Yield, Foliar Stomatal Conductance, and the Photosynthetic Response of Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.)," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-10, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jagris:v:11:y:2021:i:6:p:483-:d:560969
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Aixia Xu & Lingling Li & Junhong Xie & Xingzheng Wang & Jeffrey A. Coulter & Chang Liu & Linlin Wang, 2020. "Effect of Long-Term Nitrogen Addition on Wheat Yield, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, and Residual Soil Nitrate in a Semiarid Area of the Loess Plateau of China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-17, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mohammad Rafiqul Islam & Mohammad Moyeed Hasan Talukder & Mohammad Anamul Hoque & Shihab Uddin & Tahsina Sharmin Hoque & Rafea Sultana Rea & Mohammed Alorabi & Ahmed Gaber & Susilawati Kasim, 2021. "Lime and Manure Amendment Improve Soil Fertility, Productivity and Nutrient Uptake of Rice-Mustard-Rice Cropping Pattern in an Acidic Terrace Soil," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-16, October.
    2. Nadia Kamali & Ahmad Sadeghipour & Mahshid Souri & Andrea Mastinu, 2022. "Variations in Soil Biological and Biochemical Indicators under Different Grazing Intensities and Seasonal Changes," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-18, September.
    3. Parviz Moradi & Farhad Aghajanloo & Ahmad Moosavi & Hossein Hosseini Monfared & Jafar Khalafi & Mehdi Taghiloo & Tooraj Khoshzaman & Mohammad Shojaee & Andrea Mastinu, 2021. "Anthropic Effects on the Biodiversity of the Habitats of Ferula gummosa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-13, July.
    4. Jianghua Tang & Lili Su & Yanfei Fang & Chen Wang & Linyi Meng & Jiayong Wang & Junyao Zhang & Wenxiu Xu, 2023. "Moderate Nitrogen Reduction Increases Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Positively Affects Microbial Communities in Agricultural Soils," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-24, March.
    5. Sajjad Nasiri & Babak Andalibi & Afshin Tavakoli & Mohammad Amir Delavar & Ali El-Keblawy & Lukas Van Zwieten & Andrea Mastinu, 2023. "The Mineral Biochar Alters the Biochemical and Microbial Properties of the Soil and the Grain Yield of Hordeum vulgare L. under Drought Stress," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-15, February.
    6. Mojtaba Dolatkordestani & Mansour Taghvaei & Andrea Mastinu, 2023. "Effective Treatments for the Successful Establishment of Milkweed ( Calotropis procera L.) under Water Deficit," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-15, October.

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