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Türkiye’de 1980 Sonrası Devlet Sermaye İlişkileri Ve “Parçalı Burjuvazi”nin Oluşumu

Author

Listed:
  • H. Emrah BERİŞ

    (Gazi University)

Abstract

Cumhuriyetin kurulmasından sonra, Türkiye milli burjuvazi yaratma yönünde çaba harcamıştır. Temel amaç, ekonomik ilişkilerin devlet tarafından kontrolü ve yeni bir burjuvazi yaratılmasıdır. Diğer taraftan son yıllarda, Türkiye’de, bazı Anadolu şehirlerinin kaynaklık ettiği “Anadolu sermayesi” şeklinde nitelenen yeni bir ekonomik girişimcilik biçimine tanık olunmuştur. Bazı kişiler bu yeni ekonomik biçimi Kalvenizm ve Max Weber’in “Protestan İş Ahlakı” nosyonuna atıfta bulunarak anlatmaktadır. Bu bakış açısına göre, girişimcilerin yatırımları sadece kendilerine refah/zenginlik sağlamamakta, aynı zamanda tüm toplumun refahına da katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bu yeni kapitalistlerin çoğunluğu faaliyetlerine Türk ekonomisinin ve toplumunun dramatik bir sosyo-ekonomik dönüşüm sürecine girdiği bir zamanda 80’lerde veya 90’ların başında başlamışlardır. Bu süreçte, Turgut Özal ekonominin liberalizasyonuna çalışmış ve Anadolu’lu işadamlarını desteklemiştir. Böylece, yeni kapitalistler Türkiye ekonomisi içindeki yerlerini arttırmışlar ve Özal’ın döneminde yeni bir sınıf ortaya çıkmıştır. 28 Kasım sürecinden sonra, Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi’nin muhafazakâr kimliği ve liberal ekonomik politikaları yeşil sermaye içinde yeni bir başlangıç noktası olmuştur. Kısaca, bu yeni kapitalizm türünün yükselişi 80’lerin başından sonraki Türk ekonomisinin küresel kapitalist sisteme entegrasyonu ile bağlantılıdır. Bu süreçte yaşanan en önemli gelişme ise burjuvazinin içinde bir kırılma yaşanması ve Türkiye’de “parçalı bir burjuvazinin” ortaya çıkmasıdır.

Suggested Citation

  • H. Emrah BERİŞ, 2008. "Türkiye’de 1980 Sonrası Devlet Sermaye İlişkileri Ve “Parçalı Burjuvazi”nin Oluşumu," Ekonomik Yaklasim, Ekonomik Yaklasim Association, vol. 19(69), pages 33-45.
    • Handle: RePEc:eyd:eyjrnl:v:19:y:2008:i:69:p:33-45
    DOI: 10.5455/ey.10674
    Note: [English Title] The State-Capital Relations After 1980 and The Formation of Partial Bourgeoisie in Turkey [English Abstract] After the establishment of the republic, Turkey had afforded to create “national bourgeoisie”. The main aim was to control economical relations and form a new bourgeoisie. In recent years in Turkey a new form of economic entrepreneurship which has called “Anatolian capital” due to the origins of some Anatolian cities has been witnessed. Some people describe this new economic form by reference to Calvinism and Max Weber’s “Protestant work ethic” notion. According to this point of view, the investments of enterpreneurs do not only bring greater prosperity to themselves but also they contribute to the well-being of all society. The majority of these new capitalists started their careers in ‘80’s or early ‘90’s at a time when Turkish economy and society has been entering a dramatic socio-economic transformation process. In this period, certainly Turgut Özal tried to liberate the economy and promoted Anatolian businessmen. So, new capitalists consolidated their place in Turkish economy and a “new class” emerged in Özal period. After the November 28 Process, Justice and Development Party’s “conservatist” identity and liberal economic policies were a new starting point in the green capital. In short, the rise of a new kind of capitalism tied up the integration of Turkish economy to global capitalist system since the early 1980s. The most important development of this process are the fraction existed in bourgeoisie and the emerge of a “partial bourgeoisie” in Turkey. [English Keywords] National Bourgeoisie, Anatolian Capital, Turkish Economy, Liberalization of Turkish Economy, Partial Bourgeoisie
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