Empirical Analysis of Employer's Gender Role Attitudes (in Japanese)

In this paper, we examine employer's sex discrimination. Especially, we try to distinguish employer's discrimination between employer's taste-based discrimination and stereotypes of gender role attitudes. Using Japanese General Social Surveys (JGSS), this paper examines whether employer (executive of a company or a corporation) has taste-based discrimination or gender role attitudes. From our analyses, we provide some evidence as follows. First, employer does not have a taste-based discrimination measuring by a questionnaire "if a woman runs for governor, will you vote for her if she is qualified for the job?" Second, employer has strong stereotypes of gender role attitudes. Third, employer has strong gender role attitudes that are "a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family" and "it is more important for a wife to help her husband's career than to have one herself." Finally, it has strong relationship between employer's gender role attitudes ("if a husband has sufficient income, it is better for his wife not to have a job," "a husband's job is to earn money; a wife's job is to look after the home and family," and "it is more important for a wife to help her husband's career than to have one herself") and proportion of female employees at employer's workplace. This paper implies that background of sex discrimination in Japanese labor market exists on employer's gender role attitudes.