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Fertility, female labor participation and income in East Asia

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  • Yoko Nakagaki

Abstract

Purpose - This study aims to apply two recently discovered relationships that describe fertility recovery in developed countries to East Asia: the U-shaped relationship between fertility and FLP (female labor participation) and the inverse-J-shaped relationship between fertility and income. Design/methodology/approach - It uses a panel data set of 176 countries including 13 East Asian countries from 1990 to 2014. Pooled ordinary least squares, fixed-effects and random-effects models are tested. Findings - The main findings are the following points concerning East Asia: The U-shape and the inverse-J-shape are confirmed, suggesting that fertility recovery could be realized if both FLP and income are high enough and increasing; in the region, the U-shape is peculiar. Lower-income countries’ data move from the upper-right to the bottom, whereas higher-income countries’ data move from the upper-left to the bottom; no country in the region has reached the stage where both FLP and income are high enough. Originality/value - This is the first paper on East Asia to show the U-shape and the inverse-J-shape concerning fertility recovery and the peculiarity of the U-shape in East Asia. It explains the background of low fertility using the relationship between fertility, FLP and income.

Suggested Citation

  • Yoko Nakagaki, 2018. "Fertility, female labor participation and income in East Asia," International Journal of Development Issues, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 17(1), pages 69-86, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:eme:ijdipp:ijdi-06-2017-0106
    DOI: 10.1108/IJDI-06-2017-0106
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    Cited by:

    1. Yu Shuangshuang & Wenzhong Zhu & Nafeesa Mughal & Sergio Ivan Vargas Aparcana & Iskandar Muda, 2023. "The impact of education and digitalization on female labour force participation in BRICS: an advanced panel data analysis," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-9, December.

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