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Extractivismos versus exportaciones de manufacturas en Sudamérica: un desafío pendiente

Author

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  • Fuenzalida-O'Shee, Darcy

    (Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María)

  • Valenzuela-Klagges

    (Universidad San Sebastián)

Abstract

Background: South America is characterized by the deindustrialization of its exports which offer limited possibilities for productive diversification. This has led to a mediocre economic and export performance, supporting a neoextractivist model. Methodology: Given this scenario and the importance of boosting South American manufacturing exports, we will use an expanded gravitational model estimated by panel data to determine the commercial, geographical, collaborative and strategic variables that may be influencing manufacturing exports in South Americ (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay) during the 2001-2016 period. Results: The export behavior in manufacturing is dynamic, with positive effects of the gross national product of the importing country, countries with common borders and countries with access to the Pacific Ocean. The regional agreement Common Market of the South (Mercosur) and the bilateral agreements of Chile with member countries of the Mercosur and the North American Free Trade Agreement (TLCAN) and China do not manage to affect this export process. Conclusions: The regional and bilateral agreements should be conducted by strategic collaboration projects among South American countries, supported by government incentives in research, terrestrial connectivity and technological development. In addition, it is observed that Brazil and Peru are significantly enhancing their manufacturing export development, Chile and Argentina have progressively deteriorated, while Paraguay and Uruguay present a state of permanence without a clear evolution. // Antecedentes: Sudamérica se caracteriza por la desindustrialización de sus exportaciones, las cuales ofrecen limitadas posibilidades de diversificación productiva. Esto ha provocado un mediocre desempeño económico y exportador, aunado al mantenimiento de un modelo neoextractivista. Metodología: dado este escenario y la importancia de impulsar las exportaciones de manufactura sudamericana, utilizaremos un modelo gravitacional ampliado y estimado mediante datos de panel para determinar las variables comerciales, geográficas, colaborativas y estratégicas que pueden influir en las exportaciones de manufactura en Sudamérica (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Paraguay, Perú y Uruguay) durante el período 2001-2016. Resultados: el comportamiento exportador en manufactura es dinámico, con efectos positivos del producto nacional bruto del país importador, de países con frontera en común y de países con salida al océano Pacífico. El acuerdo regional Mercado Común del Sur (Mercosur) y los acuerdos bilaterales de Chile con países miembros del Mercosur, con el y del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) y con China no logran afectar en este proceso exportador. Conclusiones: los acuerdos regionales y bilaterales deben ser conducidos por proyectos de colaboración estratégica entre países sudamericanos, con el apoyo de incentivos gubernamentales en investigación, conectividad terrestre y desarrollo tecnológico. Además, se observa que Brasil y Perú están potenciando su desarrollo exportador de manufactura significativamente, Chile y Argentina lo han deteriorado progresivamente, mientras que Paraguay y Uruguay presentan un estado de permanencia sin una evolución clara.

Suggested Citation

  • Fuenzalida-O'Shee, Darcy & Valenzuela-Klagges, 2019. "Extractivismos versus exportaciones de manufacturas en Sudamérica: un desafío pendiente," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 86(341), pages 127-144, enero-mar.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:86:y:2019:i:341:p:124-144
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v86i341.241
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    Keywords

    Extractivismo; Exportaciones Manufactureras; MERCOSUR; Chile; Acuerdos Comerciales;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F53 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations

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