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¿Qué es lo primero: el crecimiento del PIB o la inversión? El caso de una economía pequeña y abierta

Author

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  • Mordecki, Gabriela

    (Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y de Administración, Universidad de la República)

  • Ramírez, Lucía

    (Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y de Administración, Universidad de la República)

Abstract

Background. Investment is a key factor to analyze an economy’s growth, as it increases the productive capacity, either by expanding the capital stock or by incorporating new technology that makes the production process more efficient. In Uruguay, investment has substantially increased in recent years, both overall and in the sectoral domain. This would have occurred because of strong growth in the period, as well as on account of government policies on investment promotion. Growth and investment evolution, together with employment, have undergone a long history in economic theory, with some empirical studies supporting the principle that investment precedes growth, and others providing evidence to the hypothesis that growth determines investment. Methods. Through a model with vector error correction (VECM), we found a long-term relationship between non-agricultural GDP, investment, and urban workers of Uruguay. Results In this model, we observe a positive relationship between GDP and the other two variables, where GDP precedes both urban workers and investment. Conclusions. The relationship between employment and investment is not so clear and, in some cases, appears to be negative, which could be showing a phenomenon of saving labor investment, or investment in less labor-intensive sectors. Uruguay, as a small open economy, depends on FDI to increase investment, and this kind of investment is mostly attracted by high growth rates.// Antecedentes. La inversión es clave para analizar el crecimiento de una economía, porque aumenta su capacidad productiva, por ampliación del capital o incorporación de nueva tecnología que hace más eficiente el proceso productivo. En Uruguay, la inversión se ha incrementado sustancialmente en los últimos años, tanto global como sectorialmente. Esto habría ocurrido como resultado del fuerte crecimiento en el periodo, con políticas gubernamentales de promoción de inversiones. El impacto de la inversión en el crecimiento y el empleo han sido estudiadas en profundidad, con resultados empíricos que apoyan que la inversión precede el crecimiento, como la causalidad inversa. Métodos. A través de un modelo de vectores con corrección de error (VECM por sus siglas en inglés) se analiza el PIB sin actividad primaria, la inversión y el empleo urbano en Uruguay. Resultados. Con base en este modelo, observamos que hay una relación positiva entre el PIB y las otras dos variables, y que en ella el PIB precede tanto a los trabajadores urbanos como a la inversión. Conclusiones. La relación entre el empleo y la inversión no es tan clara y, en algunos casos, parece ser negativa, lo que podría estar mostrando un fenómeno de inversión ahorradora de trabajo, o inversión en sectores menos intensivos en mano de obra. Uruguay, como una pequeña economía abierta depende de la IED para aumentar la inversión, y este tipo de inversión es atraído sobre todo por altas tasas de crecimiento económico. Key words: inversión, crecimiento, empleo, cointegración

Suggested Citation

  • Mordecki, Gabriela & Ramírez, Lucía, 2018. "¿Qué es lo primero: el crecimiento del PIB o la inversión? El caso de una economía pequeña y abierta," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(337), pages .115-136, enero-mar.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:85:y:2018:i:337:p:115-136
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v85i337.661
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    Cited by:

    1. Karen Ramírez Escalante & Luis Brito Gaona, 2021. "Impacto de la recaudación tributaria en el crecimiento económico de Ecuador en el periodo 2009-2019," X-pedientes_Economicos, X-pedientes Económicos, vol. 5(13), pages 6-23.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    inversión; crecimiento; empleo; cointegración;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B23 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought since 1925 - - - Econometrics; Quantitative and Mathematical Studies
    • E22 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity
    • F43 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Economic Growth of Open Economies

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