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Uso de agregados monetarios como indicadores de la evolución futura de los precios al consumidor: crecimiento monetario y meta de inflación

Author

Listed:
  • Ramos-Francia, Manuel

    (Banco de México)

  • Noriega, Antonio E.

    (Banco de México)

  • Rodríguez-Pérez, Cid Alonso

    (Banco de México)

Abstract

Background: Recently, monetary aggregates have played a minor role in the deliberations of monetary policy in most central banks. This is because the models used are focused on deviations of inflation from a steady state level exogenously given. The quantity of money in the economy determines the price level in the long-run, but does not necessarily influence the deviations from that level. Therefore, monetary aggregates have lost importance in the short-run analysis. Methods: An extensive econometric analysis of the long-run money demand is carried out for Mexico using the monetary aggregate M1. The demand for M1 monetary aggregate is estimated by an autoregressive distributed lag model, with quarterly data for Mexico for the period 2001-2014. The model is assessed with a variety of specification and diagnostics tests, furthermore, a thorough analysis of the stability of the parameters is performed. Based on such a demand two indicators of inflationary pressures are calculated: money gap and m* indicator. Results: This article illustrates how to use monetary aggregates as indicators of inflationary pressures. This is possible since there is a long-run relationship between such aggregates and prices. Specifically, two indicators are obtained. On the one hand, the money gap, which measures deviations of real M1 from its relationship with its long-run determinants. On the other, the m* indicator is based on the estimation of the price index that is congruent with the quantity of M1 in the economy, once it is adjusted for the long-run trend of its determinants considering its long-run coefficients. Thus, with respect to the long-run inflation trend, the m* indicator suggests that the money growth during the inflation targeting regime was consistent with an important disinflation effort, and then converge to an approximate 3 percent growth; i. e., towards inflationary conditions consistent with the inflation target. Conclusions: Monetary policy has been congruent with the inflation target of Banco de México.// Antecedentes: Recientemente, los agregados monetarios han desempeñado un papel menor en las deliberaciones de política monetaria en la mayoría de los bancos centrales. Esto es debido a que los modelos utilizados se concentran en las desviaciones de la inflación respecto a un nivel de estado estacionario dado exógenamente. La cantidad de dinero en la economía determina el nivel de precios en el largo plazo, pero no necesariamente influye en las desviaciones respecto a dicho nivel. Por lo tanto, los agregados monetarios han perdido relevancia en el análisis de corto plazo. Métodos: Se realiza un extenso análisis econométrico de la demanda de dinero a largo plazo para México utilizando el agregado monetario M1. Se estima la demanda del agregado monetario M1 mediante un modelo autorregresivo de rezagos distribuidos, con datos trimestrales para México para el periodo 2001-2014. El modelo se somete a una variedad de pruebas de especificación y diagnóstico, además se realiza un profundo análisis de la estabilidad de los parámetros. Con base en dicha demanda se calculan dos indicadores de presiones inflacionarias: la brecha del dinero y el indicador m*. Resultados: Este artículo muestra cómo se puede utilizar a los agregados monetarios como indicadores de presiones inflacionarias. Esto es posible ya que existe una relación a largo plazo entre dichos agregados y los precios. Específicamente, se obtienen dos indicadores. Por un lado, la brecha del dinero, la cual mide la desviación de M1 real de su relación con sus determinantes a largo plazo. Por otro lado, el indicador m* se basa en la estimación del índice de precios que es congruente con la cantidad de M1 en la economía, una vez que ésta se ajusta por la tendencia de largo plazo de sus determinantes tomando en cuenta sus coeficientes de largo plazo. Así, respecto a la tendencia a largo plazo de la inflación, el indicador m* sugiere que el crecimiento del dinero durante el régimen de metas de inflación: fue congruente con un importante esfuerzo de desinflación, y posteriormente converger a un crecimiento aproximado de 3%; esto es, hacia condiciones inflacionarias congruentes con la meta de inflación. Conclusiones: La política monetaria ha sido congruente con el objetivo de inflación del Banco de México.

Suggested Citation

  • Ramos-Francia, Manuel & Noriega, Antonio E. & Rodríguez-Pérez, Cid Alonso, 2017. "Uso de agregados monetarios como indicadores de la evolución futura de los precios al consumidor: crecimiento monetario y meta de inflación," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(333), pages .5-70, enero-mar.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:84:y:2017:i:333:p:5-70
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v84i333.261
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    demanda por dinero; inflación; brecha del dinero; modelos autoregresivos de rezagos distribuidos; cointegración; general a específico; estabilidad/cambio estructural;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • E41 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Demand for Money
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers

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