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Regulación ambiental óptima en una industria no-competitiva con inversión extranjera directa, cambio tecnológico exógeno y spillovers nacionales. El caso de países en desarrollo

Author

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  • Sampaolesi, Alejandro

    (Universidad de Ciencias Empresariales y Sociales (UCES))

Abstract

This work depicts the design of an optimal environmental regulation when national and multinational firms coexist in a given industry. To accomplish this, we work in a partial equilibrium model and place a small country framework in which foreign direct investment (FDI) takes place. Our results show that, when the domestic firms act under non-competitive conditions and the foreign firms under competitive conditions respectively, such a regulation represents a tax or subsidy on emissions. This is the result of a “production effect”, which reflects the decrease in social welfare associated with a drop in the level of production of the domestic firms, and a “pollution effect”, which reflects the increase in welfare related to the lower level of emissions. Furthermore, when we allow for the possibility that the foreign firms experience an exogenous technological change, generated by means of their headquarters, with spillovers in favor of domestic firms, it is found that the new optimal policy (with technological change) could be greater, equal, or lower than the previous one (without technological change); therefore, we can conclude that the effects of an exogenous technological change on the optimal environmental regulation are uncertain.// Este artículo describe el diseño de la regulación ambiental óptima cuando tanto firmas nacionales como multinacionales coexisten en una industria determinada. Para tal efecto, trabajamos en un modelo de equilibrio parcial e introducimos un contexto de país pequeño en el cual la inversión extranjera directa (IED) tiene lugar. Nuestros resultados muestran que, cuando las firmas nacionales actúan bajo condiciones no-competitivas y las firmas extranjeras bajo condiciones de competencia, respectivamente, tal regulación representa un impuesto-subsidio sobre el nivel de emisiones. Esto es el resultado de un “efecto producción”, el cual refleja la caída en bienestar asociada a una disminución en el nivel de producción de las firmas nacionales, y de un “efecto polución”, el cual refleja el incremento en bienestar relacionado a un nivel más bajo de emisiones. Además, cuando permitimos la posibilidad de que las firmas extranjeras experimenten un cambio tecnológico exógeno, generado por medio de sus casas matrices, con spillovers en favor de las firmas nacionales, encontramos que la nueva política óptima (con cambio tecnológico) podría ser mayor, igual, o menor que la política anterior (sin cambio tecnológico); por lo tanto, podemos concluir que el efecto de un cambio tecnológico exógeno sobre la regulación ambiental óptima es incierto.

Suggested Citation

  • Sampaolesi, Alejandro, 2016. "Regulación ambiental óptima en una industria no-competitiva con inversión extranjera directa, cambio tecnológico exógeno y spillovers nacionales. El caso de países en desarrollo," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(331), pages .565-579, julio-sep.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:83:y:2016:i:331:p:565-579
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v83i331.211
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    medio ambiente; IED; cambio tecnológico; política económica;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F23 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - Multinational Firms; International Business
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling

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