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Producto potencial, fuentes del crecimiento y productividad en la economía peruana (1950-2008)

Author

Listed:
  • Jiménez, Félix

    (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú)

Abstract

This paper presents a procedure for estimating potential output and the total factor productivity (TFP), to be applied to Peruvian economy. On the basis of potential output series the economic cycle is then calculated to demonstrate that the output gap includes the TFP gap and the unemployment gap (natural rate and actual rate on unemployment). Moreover, it contrasts the sources of growth and productivity behavior during the import substitution era and the period of neoliberal policies. On the other hand, it shows that productivity changes are associated to the evolution of capital labor ratio and efficiency of investment. The empirical evidence indicates that, in the last decades, there weren’t modernization processes with significant impacts on the Peruvian economy as a whole.// Este artículo presenta un procedimiento de cálculo del producto potencial y de la productividad total de los factores (PTF), que luego es aplicado a la economía peruana. Asimismo, se estima el ciclo económico a partir del producto potencial y se muestra que la brecha del producto incluye tanto la brecha de la PTF como la brecha de desempleo (tasa natural menos la tasa observada de desempleo). También se compara el comportamiento de la productividad y las fuentes del crecimiento durante el periodo de sustitución de importaciones con el de la aplicación de las políticas neoliberales. Finalmente, se muestra que los cambios en la productividad están asociados a la evolución de la relación capital/trabajo y de la eficiencia de la inversión. La evidencia empírica muestra que en los pasados 25 años no hubo indicios de procesos de modernización con efectos en el conjunto de la economía peruana.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiménez, Félix, 2011. "Producto potencial, fuentes del crecimiento y productividad en la economía peruana (1950-2008)," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 78(312), pages 913-940, octubre-d.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:78:y:2011:i:312:p:913-940
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v78i312.53
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    crecimiento económico; productividad; producto potencial; brecha del producto; capital; inversión; empleo; desempleo; Perú;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O40 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General
    • O41 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
    • O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean
    • E22 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity

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