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¿Qué hemos aprendido del diseño de mercados?

Author

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  • Roth, Alvin E.

    (Universidad de Harvard)

Abstract

This essay discusses some things we have learned about markets, in the process of designing marketplaces to fix market failures. To work well, marketplaces have to provide thickness, i.e. they need to attract a large enough proportion of the potential participants in the market; they have to overcome the congestion that thickness can bring, by making it possible to consider enough alternative transactions to arrive at good ones; and they need to make it safe and sufficiently simple to participate in the market, as opposed to transacting outside of the market, or having to engage in costly and risky strategic behavior. I’ll draw on recent examples of market design ranging from labor markets for doctors and new economists, to kidney exchange, and school choice in New York City and Boston.// El presente artículo analiza algunas cosas que hemos aprendido acerca de los mercados durante el proceso de diseñar mercados para subsanar sus fallas. Para poder funcionar bien los mercados deben ofrecer densidad, es decir, necesitan atraer una proporción suficientemente grande de los participantes potenciales en el mercado; tienen que superar la congestión que la densidad puede traer consigo, al hacer posible que se consideren suficientes transacciones distintas para llegar a las más atinadas, y necesitan hacer que participar en el mercado sea algo seguro y suficientemente sencillo, comparado con realizar transacciones fuera del mercado o tener que implicarse en comportamientos estratégicos costosos y riesgosos. Me basaré en ejemplos recientes del diseño de mercados que van desde los mercados laborales para médicos y economistas recién egresados, hasta el intercambio de donantes de riñón y la elección de escuelas en Nueva York y Boston.

Suggested Citation

  • Roth, Alvin E., 2011. "¿Qué hemos aprendido del diseño de mercados?," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(310), pages 259-314, abril-jun.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:78:y:2011:i:310:p:259-314
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v78i310.35
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    elaboración de mecanismos; mercados; donación de riñones;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D4 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design
    • D8 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty

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