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La función del voto económico. El caso de España

Author

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  • Sáez Lozano, José Luis

    (Instituto de Desarrollo regional de la Universidad de Granada)

Abstract

Economic voting researching in democratic regimes is a line of study of extraordinary relevance and scientific interest. The author’s objective is to investigate how social and economic factors and economic character rational conditions influence elector’s final decision. So, ha states a comprehensive model including a group of explanatory variables that synthesize the most outstanding statements of electoral behaviour: party loyalty, rational decision theory and sociostructural basis of the vote. Even more, the author thinks this proposal should be considered as a desideratum.But, we can’t consider this study a theoretical one, because the ultimate objective is to identify factors determining the Spanish vote’s final decision; and, thereafter, to analyze the influence of economic variables on voting tendencies.Under the spotlight of estimations, we can affirm that, in Spain, economic voting has been used as a reward-punishment it harmed the PSOE in the general elections in 1993 and favoured the electoral expectancies of the PP in the sample polls. On the other hand, unemployment and income as sociostructural factors conditioning voter’s personal situation have played an important role in the Spanish vote’s final decision. Finally, we have to say that on this matter, Spain is not so much different when compared to another industrialized countries // El análisis del voto económico en los regímenes democráticos es un tema de investigación de extraordinaria importancia y vigencia científica. Nuestro objetivo en este artículo es analizar cómo influyen los factores socioeconómicos y los condicionantes raciónales de carácter económico en la decisión final de los electores. Para ello planteamos un modelo comprensivo en el que se incluye un conjunto de variables explicativas que sintetizan los planteamientos más importantes del comportamiento electoral: identificación partidista, teoría de la decisión racional-económica y base socioestructural del voto. A la luz de las estimaciones realizadas podemos afirmar que en España se ha utilizado el voto económico como una regla premio-castigo: perjudicó al Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE) en los comicios legislativos de 1993 y favoreció las expectativas electorales del Partido Popular (PP). Por otra parte, el desempleo y la renta, como factores socioestructurales que condicionan la situación personal de los votantes, han desempeñado un papel relevante en la decisión final de los electores españoles. En cualquier caso, de todo lo anterior se infiere que España no es muy diferente de otros países industrializados.

Suggested Citation

  • Sáez Lozano, José Luis, 2002. "La función del voto económico. El caso de España," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(276), pages 475-512, octubre-d.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:69:y:2002:i:276:p:475-512
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