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La protección de los derechos de Propiedad y la elección de la estructura de propiedad corporativa

Author

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  • Castillo, Ramón A.

    (Banco de México y Colegio de la Frontera Norte)

Abstract

Ownership structure varies greatly across countries. Whereas in Latin America, Spain, Italy, Germany and France most large firms are owned by a few families, ownership of large businesses in the U.S., Japan and England is dispersed. This paper provides an explanation for this phenomenon. In particular, ownership structure is related to the efficiency of property rights enforceability as measured by the efficiency of legal institutions to enforce the law. The paper presents a theoretical model in which ownership structure is a direct function of property rights enforceability. The theoretical analysis suggests that a more efficient protection of property rights increases the probability of a firm to become publicly owned. This result is then tested in an empirical exercise analyzing large Latin America firms. The results from the empirical study largely support the intuition developed by the theoretical model. That is, when property rights are poorly enforced, firm owners are more likely to retain their firms within the family. // La estructura de la propiedad corporativa varía significativamente de país a país. Mientras que en América Latina, España, Italia, Alemania y Francia la mayoría de las grandes empresas son negocios familiares, la propiedad de las grandes empresas en Estados Unidos, Japón e Inglaterra se encuentra dispersa ente un número importante de accionistas. Este documento ofrece una explicación de este fenómeno. En particular, se relaciona la elección de la estructura de la propiedad corporativa con la efectividad de las instituciones legales en proteger los derechos de propiedad. Se presenta un análisis teórico que sugiere que una protección eficiente de los derechos de propiedad incrementa la posibilidad de que una empresa se registre en el mercado de valores. Este resultado se prueba por medio de un ejercicio econométrico. Los resultados de este ejercicio confirman la intuición establecida por el análisis teórico, esto es, se muestra que la posibilidad de que una empresa cotice en el mercado de valores se incrementa a medida que la eficiencia en la protección de los derechos de la propiedad mejora.

Suggested Citation

  • Castillo, Ramón A., 2002. "La protección de los derechos de Propiedad y la elección de la estructura de propiedad corporativa," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(273), pages 37-63, enero-mar.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:69:y:2002:i:273:p:37-63
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