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La escolaridad y la distribución condicional del ingreso. Una aplicación de regresión cuantil

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  • Zamudio Carrillo, Andrés

    (Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE))

Abstract

In traditional human capital models it is studied how the conditional mean of income depends on education and other conditional variables. In this paper we investigate not only the conditional mean but also the entire conditional distribution of income. Investigating the entire distribution is important because we can obtain additional information on the relation between income and education, for example the position (mean), the variance and the shape of the distribution. This additional information is important in order to study income inequality and to evaluate the importance of education as investment. In this paper we apply quantile regression to estimate the conditional distribution of income for the case of Mexico. We use data on employees and selfemployed from the Income and Expenditure Surveys for the years 1984, 1989, 1992, 1994 and 1996. The results indicate that the distribution of income depends in large extend on education. The mean is a direct function of education, this means that education pays in average. Education pays more in the lower and upper percentiles, these results is expressed in the fact that education contributes to a lower variance, less negative skewness and more positive skewness.// En los modelos usuales de capital humano se determina cómo la media condicional del ingreso de los individuos depende de la escolaridad y de otras variables condicionantes. En este trabajo se investiga no sólo la media condicional sino toda la distribución condicional del ingreso. Al examinar la distribución se obtiene información adicional de las relaciones entre escolaridad e ingreso; por ejemplo cómo la educación afecta la posición (media), la dispersión y la forma de la distribución. Esta información adicional es pertinente para estudios de la desigualdad del ingreso, y sobre todo para la evaluación de la escolaridad como inversión. Para estimar la distribución condicional del ingreso en este trabajo llevamos acabo una aplicación de la regresión cuantil para el caso de México. Utilizamos información de empleados y autoempleados correspondientes a las Encuestas Nacionales de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares de los años 1984, 1989, 1992, 1994 y 1996. Los resultados indican que la distribución del ingreso depende en gran medida de la escolaridad. La medida de la distribución varía en razón directa con la escolaridad, lo que indica que los individuos con más escolaridad ganan en promedio más. La escolaridad reditúa más en los porcentiles inferiores y superiores; esto se refleja en la escolaridad que contribuye a una reducción de la dispersión, una reducción de la asimetría negativa y la creación de asimetría positiva.

Suggested Citation

  • Zamudio Carrillo, Andrés, 2001. "La escolaridad y la distribución condicional del ingreso. Una aplicación de regresión cuantil," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(269), pages 39-70, enero-mar.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:68:y:2001:i:269:p:39-70
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