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La Argentina y los organismos financieros internacionales (1955-1963)

Author

Listed:
  • García Heras, Raúl

    (Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la Argentina (Conicet).)

Abstract

By the early 1960s, the liberal economic policies adopted by Argentina alter the overthrow of the Peronist regime in order to qualify for financial assistance from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund had not yielded the expected results. Moreover, by then Argentina, was already on the threshold of several decades of growing social, political and economic conflicts. Why did Argentina join the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund only in late 1956? Which problems undercut the liberal economic policies adopted by Argentina between 1955 and 1963 to obtain loans from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund? Was the country subject to the "conditionality" imposed by these multilateral financial institutions? Did the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund really influence Argentina economic policies during the 1950s and the 1960s? To what extent is the failure of the economic policies endorsed by the multilateral financial institutions related with the social, political and economic upheavals suffered by Argentina since the mid-1960s? Drawing upon hitherto unused primary Argentina and foreign sources, this article broaches these issues through the first historical analysis of the involvement of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund in the economic policies implemented in Argentina between 1955 and 1963. It also offers a historical perspective to understand why staunch advocates of liberal economic ideas such as former Ministers of Economy Alemann, Alsogaray and Krieger Vasena began to support the current economic reforms and became influential “money doctors” in the national political scenario// Hacia mediados de los años sesenta las políticas económicas de corte liberal adoptadas por la Argentina después del derrocamiento de Perón, para obtener el apoyo financiero del Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) y del Banco Mundial no habían dado los resultados esperados. Más aún, la Argentina ya se encaminaba hacia varios decenios de crecientes conflictos políticos, económicos y sociales. ¿Por qué la Argentina no ingresó al FMI y al Banco Mundial hasta fines de 1956? ¿Qué problemas socavaron las políticas económicas liberales adoptadas por la Argentina entre 1955 y 1963 para tener acceso a los créditos del FMI y del Banco Mundial? ¿Hasta qué punto estuvo sometido el país a la "condicionalidad" impuesta por estos organismos financieros internacionales? ¿Influyeron realmente el FMI y el Banco Mundial en la política económica Argentina durante los años cincuenta y sesenta? ¿En que medida se relaciona el fracaso de los programas económicos respaldados por los organismos financieros internacionales con las convulsiones políticas, económicas y sociales que sufrió la Argentina desde mediados de los años sesenta? Con base en fuentes primarias locales y extranjeras hasta ahora no utilizadas, este artículo aborda estos interrogantes mediante el primer análisis histórico de la participación del FMI y el Banco Mundial en las políticas económicas aplicadas en la Argentina entre 1955 y 1963. Además ofrece una perspectiva histórica fundamentada para entender por qué en los años ochenta fervientes defensores de las ideas económicas liberales, como los exministros de Economía Alemann Alzogaray y Krieger Vasena, comenzaron a apoyar decididamente las actuales reformas económicas y se convirtieron en influyentes "magos financieros" en el panorama político nacional.

Suggested Citation

  • García Heras, Raúl, 2000. "La Argentina y los organismos financieros internacionales (1955-1963)," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(268), pages 523-556, octubre-d.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:67:y:2000:i:268:p:523-556
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