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El ambiente macroeconómico de México y su exposición al riesgo crediticio en el periodo de crisis anterior a 1994. Una investigación teórica

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  • López Cortés, Gustavo

    (Fitch IBCA)

Abstract

It has been suggested in the literature that has analysed the Mexican financial crisis of 1994 that the rapid expansion of bank intermediation in the years that led to this event reflected, in part, opportunistic behavior among banks. Two main hypotheses have advocated: the “moral hazard” view that places the whole blame of the crisis on financial institutions reckless behaviour and lack of supervision and the view that explains the financial systems’ incentives within the broader contex of the country´s economic strategy. The present paper undertakes a microeconomic examination of the banking sector using a simple (expected) profit maximization framework thought capture important aspects of the Mexican case. Supported by empirical evidence using banks’ balance sheet data, the interpretation offered in the present paper for the observe expansion of the Mexican banks in the years immediately before the crisis places emphasis on incentives arising from the macroeconomic environment rather that from moral hazard calculations at the individual level.// Se ha sugerido en la bibliografía que analiza la crisis financiera mexicana de 1994 que la rápida expansión de la intermediación bancaria en los años que precedieron a este hecho reflejó, en parte un comportamiento oportunista de los bancos.Se han propuesto dos hipótesis principales: la concepción del “riesgo moral” que echa toda la culpa de la crisis al comportamiento imprudente y a la falta de supervisión de las instituciones financieras, y la concepción que implica los incentivos del sistema financiero dentro del contexto más amplio de la estrategia económica del país. Este ensayo es un análisis microeconómico del sector bancario que utiliza un marco sencillo de maximización de las ganancias (esperadas) que según se cree capta importantes aspectos del caso mexicano. Apoyada por la evidencia empírica de los datos de la balanza de los bancos, la interpretación ofrecida en este ensayo para la expansión observada de los bancos mexicanos en los años inmediatamente anteriores a la crisis hace hincapié en los incentivos provenientes del ambiente macroeconómico, antes que de cálculos del riesgo moral individual.

Suggested Citation

  • López Cortés, Gustavo, 2000. "El ambiente macroeconómico de México y su exposición al riesgo crediticio en el periodo de crisis anterior a 1994. Una investigación teórica," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(267), pages 445-467, julio-sep.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:67:y:2000:i:267:p:445-467
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