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Costo de transacción y discrecionalidad en la asignación del crédito preferencial en México

Author

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  • Rojas, Mariano

    (Universidad de las Américas-Puebla)

  • Rojas, Luis Alejandro

    (Secretaría de Comercio y Fomento Industrial)

Abstract

This paper studies a preferential credit program of one of Mexico’s main development banks. This program provides credit a relatively low interest rates to specially targeted producers. However, when appraising the cost of credit it is necessary to go beyond its financial cost (the intererest rate) to consider also the cost of satisfying all the requirements asked to gain access to the financial resources (transaction cost). The investigation calculates the cost of fulfilling all the requirements of the contract. More than 50 sources of transaction cost (requirements) were found and classified into a few main categories. The investigation appraises the cost satisfying every requeriment and studies the magnitude and sources of the transaction cost. It uses an internal rate of return methodology to make it possible to compare the transaction cost the interest rate. Because financial intermediaries have discretional power to add or exempt requirements, the transaction cost calculated on the basis of the credit contract is not a good indicator of the real cost of the credit. Thus this investigation also uses information from financial intermediaries’ archives to detect and evaluate the transaction costs effectively faced by some beneficiaries of the program. It was found that this discretional power significatively influences the cost of credit. In many cases, especially for micro and small firms, transaction cost is much higher than the financial (interest rate) cost. Thus the preferential credit program is distorted; even though the interest rate is low, the existence of a high transaction cost implies that the total cost of credit is relatively high.// Este documento estudia un programa de crédito preferencial de un banco de desarrollo en México. El programa otorga crédito a tasas de interés relativamente bajas. Sin embargo, al evaluar un costo total de crédito es necesario ir más allá de su costo financiero (tasa de interés) y considerar también el costo de satisfacer todos los requisitos exigidos para que la transacción se lleve a cabo (costo de transacción de contrato). Se identificaron más de 50 requisitos del contrato de crédito y se calculó el costo de satisfacerlos; los requisitos también fueron clasificados en algunas categorías para su manejo. Mediante la utilización de una metodología basada en la tasa interna de rendimiento, se calculó el costo de transacción en términos de tasa porcentual, esto es, como un sobre precio a la tasa de interés. Debido a que los intermediarios financieros tienen poder discrecional para agregar o eliminar requisitos al contrato de crédito, el costo de transacción de contrato no es un buen indicador del verdadero costo de transacción que enfrenta el solicitante de crédito. Por ello, esta investigación utiliza información de expedientes de solicitud de crédito proveniente de los archivos de algunos intermediarios financieros para identificar los requisitos que efectivamente fueron satisfechos y calcular un costo de transacción efectivo. Se encontró que el poder discrecional de los intermediarios financieros afecta de manera importante el costo de transacción. El costo de transacción efectivo resulta ser en muchos casos, en especial para las micro y pequeñas empresas, muy superior al costo financiero (tasa de interés) del crédito, lo cual distorsiona los objetivos del programa de crédito preferencial.

Suggested Citation

  • Rojas, Mariano & Rojas, Luis Alejandro, 1999. "Costo de transacción y discrecionalidad en la asignación del crédito preferencial en México," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 66(262), pages 227-258, abril-jun.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:66:y:1999:i:262:p:227-258
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    Cited by:

    1. Fausto Hernández-Trillo & Ana Laura Martínez-Gutiérrez, 2022. "The Dark Road to Credit Applications: The Small-Business Case of Mexico," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 62(1), pages 1-25, October.
    2. Alberto Huidobro, 2014. "Differences between loans granted by commercial and development banks: A cross-sectional analysis of interest rate margins," Estudios Económicos, El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Económicos, vol. 29(2), pages 163-224.

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