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Estimación de los beneficios en salud del Plan de Descontaminación de Santiago

Author

Listed:
  • Sánchez Callejas, José Miguel

    (Departamento de Economía de la Universidad de Chile)

  • Valdés de Ferari, Sebastián

    (Departamento de Economía de la Universidad de Chile)

  • Ostro, Bart

    (Office of Environmental Health Hazzard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency)

Abstract

Environmental authorities have recently submitted a Decontamination Plan (DP) for Santiago Metropolitan Region.The objective of the DP is to reach the air quality standards in a period of fifteen years. With this purpose, the Plan contains a series of measures and incentives aimed at trying to change the behavior of the economic agents. The Plan implies a 50% reduction in PM10, NOx, VOC and SO2 emissions and a 60% reduction in CO emissions. This study presents an estimation of the health benefit of the Plan based on the health cost avoided with the Plan. They are obtained by comparing the health effects that would occur in the absencece of the Plan with the effects that would occur with the Plan. The effects in each situation, are estimated with the dose-response function approach and then transformed to monetary units using the human capital approach. The difference between the monetized health effects with and without the Plan are the benefits attributed to the Plan.// Las autoridades ambientales han formulado recientemente un Plan de Descontaminación (PD) para la Región Metropolitana. El objetivo del plan es reducir la contaminación atmosférica a niveles de la norma de calidad ambiental en un plazo de 15 años, para lo cual se ha creado un conjunto de medidas de descontaminación e incentivos orientados a cambiar el comportamiento de los santiaguinos. El Plan implicaría una disminución a la mitad de las emisiones de partículas respirables (PM10), monóxido de nitrógeno (NOx), compuestos volátiles orgánicos(CVO) y dióxido de azufre (SO2), y una disminución de 60% en las emisiones de monóxido de carbono (CO). El presente estudio presenta una estimación de los beneficios en salud del Plan de Descontaminación de Santiago basado en los costos en salud evitados por el plan, al comparar los efectos que se producirían en la salud en ausencia de un plan (la situación sin plan) con los que producirían en presencia del plan (situación con plan). Los efectos en cada situación se estiman por medio del enfoque de función de daños y luego son valorados con el enfoque de capital humano. El diferencial constituiría los beneficios del Plan de Descontaminación.

Suggested Citation

  • Sánchez Callejas, José Miguel & Valdés de Ferari, Sebastián & Ostro, Bart, 1998. "Estimación de los beneficios en salud del Plan de Descontaminación de Santiago," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 65(259), pages 363-406, julio-sep.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:65:y:1998:i:259:p:363-406
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