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Eficiencia y cambio de la productividad en la industria cementera del Perú. Aplicación de un metodo no paramétrico

Author

Listed:
  • Cabezas Vega, Luis

    (Departamento de Economía, Universidad de Gotemburgo, Suecia.)

  • Veiderpass, Ann

    (Departamento de Economía, Universidad de Gotemburgo, Suecia.)

Abstract

This paper examines the efficience and the productivity growth in the Peruvian cement industry in a multiple input-single output framework. Productive efficiency measures are calculated by use of non-parametric Data Envelopment Analisys (DEA) method and productivity growth is measured by means of the Malmquist index. The DEA method defines a non-parametric best practice frontier that can be used as a reference for efficiency measures. This index is the ratio of the Farell measures for a production unit with a technical efficiency in two points of time which is measured in relation to two different frontiers. The Malmquist index is calculated from the efficiency measures of the DEA model. Efficiency as well as productivity comparisons are made between the diferent cement plants during a period of 17 years. The study indicates relatively small differences between input saving and output increasing measures and that the ranking of the individual units remains fairly constant during the different years. When comparing the development during the period 1970-1976 to that of 1980-1986, we find that most production units experience a positive productivity change.// Este estudio analiza la eficiencia y los cambios de la productividad en la industria cementera del Perú en una estructura de múltiples insumos y un solo producto. Las medidas de eficiencia productiva son calculadas por medio del método no paramétrico Data Envelopment Analisys (DEA) El método DEA define una frontera no paramétrica de la mejor práctica (non-parametric best practice frontier) que puede servir como punto de referencia para las medidas de eficiencia. Los cambios de la productividad son medidos por medio del índice de Malmquist. Este índice es el cociente entre las medidas de Farrell para una unidad de producción cuya eficiencia técnica en dos momentos del tiempo es medida en ralación con dos fronteras diferentes. El índice de Malmquist es calculado con base en los parámetros de eficiencia derivadas del modelo DEA. Se comparó eficiencia y productividad entre las diferentes plantas de cemento durante un periodo de 17 años. El estudio indica relativamente pequeñas diferencias entre las medidas de ahorro de insumos e incremento del producto y que el orden de las unidades individuales se mantien ampliamente constante durante los diferentes años. Al comparar el desarrollo de la productividad durante el periodo 1970-1976 con el de 1980-1986 encontramos que la mayoría de las unidades de producción experimentan cambios positivos de productividad.

Suggested Citation

  • Cabezas Vega, Luis & Veiderpass, Ann, 1994. "Eficiencia y cambio de la productividad en la industria cementera del Perú. Aplicación de un metodo no paramétrico," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 61(242), pages 309-333, abril-jun.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:61:y:1994:i:242:p:309-333
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