Turquoise hydrogen and waste optimization: A Bi-objective closed-loop and sustainable supply chain model for a case in Mexico

Turquoise Hydrogen, a new generation of hydrogen production, is much closer to green and less polluting than regular Hydrogen. Substantial evidence indicates that Mexico's organic waste has significant potential with this technology. Although Turquoise Hydrogen has not yet been implemented in Mexico, preliminary studies are necessary to facilitate its future deployment. Therefore, this work studies the potential types and volumes of suitable organic waste for pyrolysis in Mexico. Subsequently, based on the available statistics in the state of Nuevo León and the waste disposal and recovery methods, a model is developed to select the locations for waste control and pyrolysis. The optimization model in this study is formulated as a bi-objective problem and then transformed into an integer linear programming model. Furthermore, an analysis of executable scenarios for organizing Hydrogen's closed-loop supply chain is performed. The results indicate that the developed model in this research can significantly enhance the closed-loop cycle in municipal and industrial solid wastes. It can not only facilitate the separation of waste in gray hydrogen production but also redirect a substantial portion of recyclable waste to recycling centers, further reducing waste disposal. This model can serve as a foundation for selecting optimal locations and minimizing decision-maker costs in establishing and developing blue and turquoise Hydrogen in Mexico. Additionally, the discussion underscores the importance of the government's role in optimizing waste separation and maximizing supply chain efficiency.