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Linear response theory for nonequilibrium stationary systems

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  • Ichiyanagi, Masakazu

Abstract

A nonequilibrium statistical mechanics is developed by extending the Kubo-Nakano theory of linear response to spatially inhomogeneous systems under the action of external fields. It is argued that the standard linear response theory bases upon the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The stationary density matrix of the nonequilibrium system is given by applying Zubarev's method. It is found that Onsager's reciprocity relations require a redefinition of the responses to external fields, reflecting the fact that the stationary density matrix is not of the standard canonical form with the unperturbed Hamiltonian. Following Nakano, a variational principle is developed for nonequilibrium stationary systems. A link of the variational principle with Machlup-Onsager theory is explored.

Suggested Citation

  • Ichiyanagi, Masakazu, 1997. "Linear response theory for nonequilibrium stationary systems," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 246(1), pages 78-96.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:246:y:1997:i:1:p:78-96
    DOI: 10.1016/S0378-4371(97)00339-7
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