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Explaining global patterns and trends in marine protected area (MPA) development

Author

Listed:
  • Fox, Helen E.
  • Soltanoff, Carrie S.
  • Mascia, Michael B.
  • Haisfield, Kelly M.
  • Lombana, Alfonso V.
  • Pyke, Christopher R.
  • Wood, Louisa

Abstract

The relative paucity and heterogeneous distribution of marine protected areas (MPAs) indicates the need for better understanding of factors that foster MPA establishment at local, sub-national, and national levels. The relationship between national-level MPA establishment and geographic, ecological, social, and political factors that may drive patterns and trends in MPA establishment were assessed. A country's coastline length is the strongest predictor of both the number and spatial extent of MPAs. Controlling for coastline, the Human Development Index (HDI) and spatial overlap with designated conservation priority areas are positively correlated with MPA establishment. Surprisingly, some factors influencing MPA establishment in case studies, such as percentage of fishers within a population, were not correlated with MPA establishment on a national scale. These national dynamics explain a relatively small proportion of variation, however, indicating that other biological or social factors, as well as sub-national processes, also influence MPA establishment. Positive and negative outliers illuminate the importance of policy engagement at both national and local levels. Ensuring a supportive enabling environment at the national or even multi-national level can enhance success at the local level.

Suggested Citation

  • Fox, Helen E. & Soltanoff, Carrie S. & Mascia, Michael B. & Haisfield, Kelly M. & Lombana, Alfonso V. & Pyke, Christopher R. & Wood, Louisa, 2012. "Explaining global patterns and trends in marine protected area (MPA) development," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 1131-1138.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:marpol:v:36:y:2012:i:5:p:1131-1138
    DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2012.02.007
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    Cited by:

    1. Rodríguez-Rodríguez, D. & Rees, S. & Mannaerts, G. & Sciberras, M. & Pirie, C. & Black, G. & Aulert, C. & Sheehan, E.V. & Carrier, S. & Attrill, M.J., 2015. "Status of the marine protected area network across the English channel (La Manche): Cross-country similarities and differences in MPA designation, management and monitoring," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 536-546.
    2. Rasheed, A. Rifaee, 2020. "Marine protected areas and human well-being – A systematic review and recommendations," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
    3. Katikiro, Robert E. & Macusi, Edison D. & Ashoka Deepananda, K.H.M., 2015. "Challenges facing local communities in Tanzania in realising locally-managed marine areas," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 220-229.
    4. Kaplan, Katherine A. & Ahmadia, Gabby N. & Fox, Helen & Glew, Louise & Pomeranz, Emily F. & Sullivan, Patrick, 2015. "Linking ecological condition to enforcement of marine protected area regulations in the greater Caribbean region," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 186-195.
    5. Rossiter, Jaime Speed & Levine, Arielle, 2014. "What makes a “successful” marine protected area? The unique context of Hawaii′s fish replenishment areas," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 196-203.
    6. Daniela Marzo & Iacopo Cavallini & Luisa Scaccia & Paolo Guidetti & Antonio Di Franco & Antonio Calò & Federico Niccolini, 2023. "Drivers of Small-Scale Fishers’ Acceptability across Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas at Different Stages of Establishment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-17, June.

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