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Recidivism and community context: Integrating the environmental backcloth

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  • Drawve, Grant
  • McNeeley, Susan

Abstract

Typically, when place is considered to influence individual-level recidivism, the primary focus is community-level disadvantage through a social disorganization framework. Extant studies have been pivotal in the development of spatial recidivism research; however, there are limited approaches integrating elements from the larger environmental backcloth. Building from social disorganization and the three theoretical pillars of environmental criminology (RC, RAT, CPT), the current study sought to expand on what measures are considered at the tract-level to reflect a wider body of spatial criminological research. The current study employed a multilevel model to analyze a statewide sample of people on parole released from Minnesota state prisons to private residences in 2009, accounting for individual- and tract-level covariates. Neighborhood-level presence of prosocial places (churches, employment services, and civil and social organizations) was negatively related to recidivism, but this relationship was weaker in disadvantaged neighborhoods. The discussion is nested with the broader ecological and environmental corrections literature on better accounting for and measuring “where” characteristics for recidivism to use jointly with the known “who” characteristics.

Suggested Citation

  • Drawve, Grant & McNeeley, Susan, 2021. "Recidivism and community context: Integrating the environmental backcloth," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jcjust:v:73:y:2021:i:c:s0047235221000064
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2021.101786
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Giguère, Guy & Lussier, Patrick, 2016. "Debunking the psychometric properties of the LS\CMI: An application of item response theory with a risk assessment instrument," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 207-218.
    2. Hewitt, Ashley N. & Beauregard, Eric & Andresen, Martin A. & Brantingham, Patricia L., 2018. "Identifying the nature of risky places for sexual crime: The applicability of crime pattern and social disorganization theories in a Canadian context," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 35-46.
    3. Thomas, Shaun A. & Drawve, Grant, 2018. "Examining interactive effects of characteristics of the social and physical environment on aggravated assault," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 89-98.
    4. Tillyer, Marie Skubak & Vose, Brenda, 2011. "Social ecology, individual risk, and recidivism: A multilevel examination of main and moderating influences," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 39(5), pages 452-459.
    5. Jacobs, Leah A. & Ashcraft, Laura Ellen & Sewall, Craig J.R. & Folb, Barbara L. & Mair, Christina, 2020. "Ecologies of juvenile reoffending: A systematic review of risk factors," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
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