IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jbfina/v68y2016icp195-215.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

How does pricing affect investors’ product choice? Evidence from the market for discount certificates

Author

Listed:
  • Entrop, Oliver
  • Fischer, Georg
  • McKenzie, Michael
  • Wilkens, Marco
  • Winkler, Christoph

Abstract

This paper examines the choices of retail investors in the market for structured financial products with a focus on implicit and explicit pricing components. We evaluate more than 72,000 single stock discount certificates on a daily basis from 2004 through 2008. The certificates are quoted an average of 0.58% above their fair value before the financial crisis, increasing to 1.24% during 2008. Although credit risk explains a major part (39%) of the certificates’ overpricing, we find that issuer default risk does not have any influence on investors’ product choices. Instead, retail investors are strongly influenced by irrational factors such as issuer and product familiarity. Finally, investors are found to make poor product choices (in terms of bid/ask spreads and markups over fair value), resulting in significant losses.

Suggested Citation

  • Entrop, Oliver & Fischer, Georg & McKenzie, Michael & Wilkens, Marco & Winkler, Christoph, 2016. "How does pricing affect investors’ product choice? Evidence from the market for discount certificates," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 195-215.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbfina:v:68:y:2016:i:c:p:195-215
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2016.03.003
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037842661630005X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2016.03.003?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Oliver Entrop & Michael McKenzie & Marco Wilkens & Christoph Winkler, 2016. "The performance of individual investors in structured financial products," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 46(3), pages 569-604, April.
    2. Stoimenov, Pavel A. & Wilkens, Sascha, 2005. "Are structured products 'fairly' priced? An analysis of the German market for equity-linked instruments," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(12), pages 2971-2993, December.
    3. Mark Grinblatt & Matti Keloharju, 2001. "What Makes Investors Trade?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 56(2), pages 589-616, April.
    4. Bauer, Rob & Cosemans, Mathijs & Eichholtz, Piet, 2009. "Option trading and individual investor performance," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 731-746, April.
    5. Whitney K. Newey & Kenneth D. West, 1994. "Automatic Lag Selection in Covariance Matrix Estimation," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 61(4), pages 631-653.
    6. Svensson, Lars E O, 1994. "Estimating and Interpreting Forward Interest Rates: Sweden 1992-4," CEPR Discussion Papers 1051, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    7. Forte, Santiago & Peña, Juan Ignacio, 2009. "Credit spreads: An empirical analysis on the informational content of stocks, bonds, and CDS," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(11), pages 2013-2025, November.
    8. Hentschel, Ludger, 2003. "Errors in Implied Volatility Estimation," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 38(4), pages 779-810, December.
    9. Rainer Baule & Oliver Entrop & Marco Wilkens, 2008. "Credit risk and bank margins in structured financial products: Evidence from the German secondary market for discount certificates," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(4), pages 376-397, April.
    10. Jenke ter Horst & Chris Veld, 2008. "An Empirical Analysis of the Pricing of Bank Issued Options versus Options Exchange Options," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 14(2), pages 288-314, March.
    11. Svensson, L.E.O., 1994. "Estimating and Interpreting Foreward Interest Rates: Sweden 1992-1994," Papers 579, Stockholm - International Economic Studies.
    12. Nelson, Charles R & Siegel, Andrew F, 1987. "Parsimonious Modeling of Yield Curves," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 60(4), pages 473-489, October.
    13. Benet, Bruce A. & Giannetti, Antoine & Pissaris, Seema, 2006. "Gains from structured product markets: The case of reverse-exchangeable securities (RES)," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(1), pages 111-132, January.
    14. Hull, John & White, Alan, 1995. "The impact of default risk on the prices of options and other derivative securities," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 299-322, May.
    15. Henderson, Brian J. & Pearson, Neil D., 2011. "The dark side of financial innovation: A case study of the pricing of a retail financial product," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(2), pages 227-247, May.
    16. Baule, Rainer, 2011. "The order flow of discount certificates and issuer pricing behavior," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(11), pages 3120-3133, November.
    17. Roberto Blanco & Simon Brennan & Ian W. Marsh, 2005. "An Empirical Analysis of the Dynamic Relation between Investment‐Grade Bonds and Credit Default Swaps," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 60(5), pages 2255-2281, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Baller, Stefanie & Entrop, Oliver & Schober, Alexander & Wilkens, Marco, 2017. "What drives performance in the speculative market of short-term exchange-traded retail products?," Passauer Diskussionspapiere, Betriebswirtschaftliche Reihe B-26-17, University of Passau, Faculty of Business and Economics.
    2. Matthias Pelster & Andrea Schertler, 2019. "Pricing and issuance dependencies in structured financial product portfolios," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(3), pages 342-365, March.
    3. Schertler, Andrea, 2021. "Listing of classical options and the pricing of discount certificates," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    4. Marc Arnold & Dustin Schuette & Alexander Wagner, 2021. "Neglected Risk in Financial Innovation: Evidence from Structured Product Counterparty Exposure," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 27(2), pages 287-325, March.
    5. Abreu, Margarida & Mendes, Victor, 2018. "The investor in structured retail products: Advice driven or gambling oriented?," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(C), pages 1-9.
    6. Entrop, Oliver & Fischer, Georg, 2019. "Hedging costs and joint determinants of premiums and spreads in structured financial products," Passauer Diskussionspapiere, Betriebswirtschaftliche Reihe B-34-19, University of Passau, Faculty of Business and Economics.
    7. Oliver Entrop & Georg Fischer, 2020. "Hedging costs and joint determinants of premiums and spreads in structured financial products," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(7), pages 1049-1071, July.
    8. da Silva, Paulo Pereira & Mendes, Victor, 2021. "Exchange-traded certificates, education and the disposition effect," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(C).
    9. Baule, Rainer & Münchhalfen, Patrick & Shkel, David & Tallau, Christian, 2023. "Fair-washing in the market for structured retail products? Voluntary self-regulation versus government regulation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    10. Andrea Schertler & Saskia Stoerch, 2018. "Warrant price responses to credit spread changes: Fact or fiction?," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(3), pages 206-219, July.
    11. Baller, Stefanie & Entrop, Oliver & McKenzie, Michael & Wilkens, Marco, 2016. "Market makers’ optimal price-setting policy for exchange-traded certificates," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 206-226.
    12. Baule, Rainer & Shkel, David, 2021. "Model risk and model choice in the case of barrier options and bonus certificates," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    13. Rainer Baule, 2021. "Credit risk in derivative securities: A simplified approach," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(5), pages 641-657, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Oliver Entrop & Georg Fischer, 2020. "Hedging costs and joint determinants of premiums and spreads in structured financial products," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(7), pages 1049-1071, July.
    2. Schertler, Andrea, 2016. "Pricing effects when competitors arrive: The case of discount certificates in Germany," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 84-99.
    3. Entrop, Oliver & Fischer, Georg, 2019. "Hedging costs and joint determinants of premiums and spreads in structured financial products," Passauer Diskussionspapiere, Betriebswirtschaftliche Reihe B-34-19, University of Passau, Faculty of Business and Economics.
    4. Schertler, Andrea, 2021. "Listing of classical options and the pricing of discount certificates," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    5. Baule, Rainer & Münchhalfen, Patrick & Shkel, David & Tallau, Christian, 2023. "Fair-washing in the market for structured retail products? Voluntary self-regulation versus government regulation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    6. Andrea Schertler & Saskia Stoerch, 2018. "Warrant price responses to credit spread changes: Fact or fiction?," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(3), pages 206-219, July.
    7. Baller, Stefanie & Entrop, Oliver & Schober, Alexander & Wilkens, Marco, 2017. "What drives performance in the speculative market of short-term exchange-traded retail products?," Passauer Diskussionspapiere, Betriebswirtschaftliche Reihe B-26-17, University of Passau, Faculty of Business and Economics.
    8. Baller, Stefanie & Entrop, Oliver & McKenzie, Michael & Wilkens, Marco, 2016. "Market makers’ optimal price-setting policy for exchange-traded certificates," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 206-226.
    9. Baule, Rainer & Shkel, David, 2021. "Model risk and model choice in the case of barrier options and bonus certificates," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    10. Fischer, Georg, 2019. "How dynamic hedging affects stock price movements: Evidence from German option and certificate markets," Passauer Diskussionspapiere, Betriebswirtschaftliche Reihe B-35-19, University of Passau, Faculty of Business and Economics.
    11. Baule, Rainer, 2011. "The order flow of discount certificates and issuer pricing behavior," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(11), pages 3120-3133, November.
    12. Farkas, Miklós & Váradi, Kata, 2021. "Do leveraged warrants prompt individuals to speculate on stock price reversals?," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 164-176.
    13. Oliver Entrop & Michael McKenzie & Marco Wilkens & Christoph Winkler, 2016. "The performance of individual investors in structured financial products," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 46(3), pages 569-604, April.
    14. Marc Arnold & Dustin Schuette & Alexander Wagner, 2021. "Neglected Risk in Financial Innovation: Evidence from Structured Product Counterparty Exposure," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 27(2), pages 287-325, March.
    15. Oliver Blaskowitz & Helmut Herwartz, 2009. "Adaptive forecasting of the EURIBOR swap term structure," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(7), pages 575-594.
    16. Ye, Xiaoxia & Yu, Fan & Zhao, Ran, 2022. "Credit derivatives and corporate default prediction," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    17. Hattori, Takahiro, 2019. "J-liquidity measure: The term structure of the liquidity premium in Japan," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 61-72.
    18. Janis Bauer & Holger Fink & Eva Stoller, 2020. "Are Issuer Margins Fairly Stated? Evidence from the Issuer Estimated Value for Retail Structured Products," Forecasting, MDPI, vol. 2(4), pages 1-23, September.
    19. Christos Ioannidis & Kook Ka, 2021. "Economic Policy Uncertainty and Bond Risk Premia," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 53(6), pages 1479-1522, September.
    20. Antje Berndt & Rohan Douglas & Darrell Duffie & Mark Ferguson, 2018. "Corporate Credit Risk Premia [Fallen angels and price pressure]," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 22(2), pages 419-454.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Structured products; Derivatives; Investor behavior; Product pricing;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • D83 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jbfina:v:68:y:2016:i:c:p:195-215. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jbf .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.