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Nutritionally rich wildflower patches adjacent to nutritionally deficient crops significantly increase pollination services

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  • Capera-Aragones, Pau
  • Foxall, Eric
  • Tyson, Rebecca C.

Abstract

The balance between nutrition and energy needs has an important impact on the spatial distribution of foraging animals. In the present paper, we focus on the case of bumble bees moving around a landscape in search of pollen (to meet nutritional needs) and nectar (to meet energy needs). Depending on the colony demands, bumble bees can concentrate their foraging effort towards either pollen rich flower species or nectar rich flower species. This behaviour allows us to establish a strategy – a spatial landscape design – which can maximize the pollination services of crops that are nutritionally deficient for pollinators by adding nutritionally rich wildflower patches. To do this, we formulate a mathematical partial integro-differential equation model to predict the spatial distribution of foraging bumble bees. We use our model to predict the location, composition and quantity of the wildflower patches adjacent to crop fields that will be most beneficial for crop pollination services. Our results show that relatively small quantities of wildflowers in specific locations with respect to the nest sites and the crop can have a positive impact on pollination services when the composition (i.e., pollen to nectar ratio) of the added wildflowers is significantly different from the composition of the existing crop flowers.

Suggested Citation

  • Capera-Aragones, Pau & Foxall, Eric & Tyson, Rebecca C., 2022. "Nutritionally rich wildflower patches adjacent to nutritionally deficient crops significantly increase pollination services," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 468(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecomod:v:468:y:2022:i:c:s0304380022000588
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.109935
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. La Torre Davide & Rocca Matteo, 2002. "A survey on C 1,1 fuctions: theory, numerical methods and applications," Economics and Quantitative Methods qf0207, Department of Economics, University of Insubria.
    2. Mathieu Lihoreau & Nigel E Raine & Andrew M Reynolds & Ralph J Stelzer & Ka S Lim & Alan D Smith & Juliet L Osborne & Lars Chittka, 2012. "Radar Tracking and Motion-Sensitive Cameras on Flowers Reveal the Development of Pollinator Multi-Destination Routes over Large Spatial Scales," PLOS Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(9), pages 1-13, September.
    3. Anna Dornhaus & Lars Chittka, 2005. "Bumble bees (Bombus terrestris) store both food and information in honeypots," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 16(3), pages 661-666, May.
    4. Tyson, R.C. & Wilson, J.B. & Lane, W.D., 2011. "Beyond diffusion: Modelling local and long-distance dispersal for organisms exhibiting intensive and extensive search modes," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 79(3), pages 70-81.
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    Cited by:

    1. Carturan, Bruno S. & Siewe, Nourridine & Cobbold, Christina A. & Tyson, Rebecca C., 2023. "Bumble bee pollination and the wildflower/crop trade-off: When do wildflower enhancements improve crop yield?," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 484(C).

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