IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/diw/diwwob/84-4-1.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Realeinkommen sind von 1991 bis 2014 im Durchschnitt gestiegen - erste Anzeichen für wieder zunehmende Einkommensungleichheit

Author

Listed:
  • Markus M. Grabka
  • Jan Goebel

Abstract

The real disposable income of private households in Germany, accounting for inflation, rose by 12 percent between 1991 and 2014. Results are of the present study are based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), a longitudinal study of private households. However, the trends are greatly varying by income group. While the middle income segment rose by more than eight percent, the highest income segment increased by up to 26 percent. The lower income segment, on the contrary, declined in real terms. Consequently, income inequality has increased overall, especially in the first half of the 1990s, in the period from 1999 to 2005, and after 2009. It stagnated or even decreased in the interim periods. The proportion of people at risk of poverty has also recently increased. Gainful employment still provides the most effective protection against income poverty, but more and more employed persons are at risk of becoming poor. Containment of the low wage sector, by revoking the privileged status of mini-jobs regarding taxes and social insurance contribution, for example, could counteract this effect. And single parents should no longer be fiscally disadvantaged in comparison to coupled households – this could also reduce the number of children at risk of poverty. Die verfügbaren Einkommen der privaten Haushalte in Deutschland sind von 1991 bis 2014 real, also unter Berücksichtigung der Preisentwicklung, um zwölf Prozent gestiegen. Das zeigt die vorliegende Studie, die auf Daten der Längsschnittstudie Sozio-oekonomisches Panel (SOEP) basiert. Die Entwicklung verlief jedoch je nach Einkommensgruppe sehr unterschiedlich: Während die mittleren Einkommen um mehr als acht Prozent stiegen, legten die höchsten Einkommen um bis zu 26 Prozent zu. Die unteren Einkommen gingen hingegen real zurück. Folglich hat die Einkommensungleichheit insgesamt zugenommen – insbesondere in der ersten Hälfte der 1990er Jahre, in den Jahren von 1999 bis2005 sowie in der Zeit ab 2009. Zwischenzeitlich stagnierte sie oder sank sogar. Auch das Risiko, arm zu sein, ist zuletzt wieder gestiegen. Erwerbstätigkeit schützt zwar nach wie vor am effektivsten gegen Einkommensarmut, allerdings sind auch immer mehr erwerbstätige Personen armutsgefährdet. Dem entgegenwirken könnte eine Eindämmung des Niedriglohnsektors, etwa indem die Privilegierung von Minijobs mit Blick auf Steuern und Sozialabgaben aufgegeben wird. Zudem sollten Alleinerziehende nicht länger steuerlich gegenüber Paarhaushalten benachteiligt werden – dies könnte auch das Armutsrisiko von Kindern reduzieren.

Suggested Citation

  • Markus M. Grabka & Jan Goebel, 2017. "Realeinkommen sind von 1991 bis 2014 im Durchschnitt gestiegen - erste Anzeichen für wieder zunehmende Einkommensungleichheit," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 84(4), pages 71-82.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:84-4-1
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.550894.de/17-4-1.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Bönke, Timm & Harnack, Astrid & Wetter, Miriam, 2019. "Wer gewinnt? Wer verliert? Die Entwicklung auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt seit den frühen Jahren der Bundesrepublik bis heute," Discussion Papers 2019/4, Free University Berlin, School of Business & Economics.
    2. Fischer Yannick, 2020. "Basic Income, Labour Automation and Migration – An Approach from a Republican Perspective," Basic Income Studies, De Gruyter, vol. 15(2), pages 1-034, December.
    3. Glaubitz, Rick & Harnack-Eber, Astrid & Wetter, Miriam, 2022. "The gender gap in lifetime earnings: The role of parenthood," Discussion Papers 2022/3, Free University Berlin, School of Business & Economics.
    4. Hans-Jürgen Andreß, 2018. "Is material deprivation decreasing in Germany? A trend analysis using PASS data from 2006 to 2013," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 52(1), pages 1-16, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Income inequality; poverty; SOEP;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General Welfare, Well-Being
    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:84-4-1. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Bibliothek (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/diwbede.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.