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EZB-Anleihekäufe können Vermögensverteilung beeinflussen

Author

Listed:
  • Kerstin Bernoth
  • Philipp König
  • Benjamin Beckers

Abstract

In the debate on monetary policy decisions, to date, little attention has been paid to distributional effects. One reason for this is that they are not included in the mandate of the European Central Bank (ECB). Given the loose monetary policy stance in the euro area and the large-scale program to purchase government and corporate bonds launched in January 2015, the question increasingly being asked is whether any distributional effects can be ignored any longer. The present report looks at the channels of monetary policy that are potentially relevant to distribution and conducts an initial assessment of their relevance to bond purchases in the euro area. The bond purchase program has probably led to rising asset prices, thereby mainly benefitting households at the upper end of the wealth distribution. This is likely to lead to a direct increase in wealth inequality. Whether or not this increase can be at least partially offset in the long term is uncertain. Indebted and/or low-income households could benefit if the program is able to contribute to economic recovery and higher inflation, and therefore helps to improve employment opportunities. The overall distributional effect is therefore so far unclear. A more in-depth analysis is required in the future. Bislang wurden Verteilungswirkungen in der Debatte über geldpolitische Entscheidungen wenig Beachtung geschenkt. Vom Mandat der Europäischen Zentralbank (EZB) werden sie auch nicht umfasst. Angesichts der lang anhaltenden äußerst lockeren Geldpolitik und des im Januar 2015 gestarteten umfangreichen Ankaufprogramms für Staats- und Unternehmensanleihen stellt sich jedoch zunehmend die Frage, ob diese Verteilungswirkungen länger ignoriert werden sollten. Der vorliegende Bericht stellt potenziell verteilungsrelevante Wirkungskanäle der Geldpolitik dar und nimmt eine erste Einschätzung ihrer Relevanz hinsichtlich der Anleihekäufe im Euroraum vor. Das Anleihekaufprogramm führt mutmaßlich zu steigenden Vermögenspreisen, von denen vor allem wohlhabende Haushalte profitieren. Dies dürfte unmittelbar zu einer Zunahme der Vermögensungleichheit führen. Ob dieser Anstieg in der langen Frist zumindest teilweise ausgeglichen werden kann ist unsicher. Verschuldete und/oder geringverdienende Haushalte könnten profitieren, wenn es gelingt, mit dem Programm zu einer wirtschaftlichen Erholung und damit besseren Beschäftigungschancen sowie höherer Inflation beizutragen. Die Gesamtwirkung ist somit bislang unklar und bedarf weitergehender Untersuchungen.

Suggested Citation

  • Kerstin Bernoth & Philipp König & Benjamin Beckers, 2016. "EZB-Anleihekäufe können Vermögensverteilung beeinflussen," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 83(7), pages 127-134.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:83-7-1
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    Cited by:

    1. Feld, Lars P. & Schmidt, Christoph M. & Schnabel, Isabel & Truger, Achim & Wieland, Volker, 2019. "Den Strukturwandel meistern. Jahresgutachten 2019/20 [Dealing with Structural Change. Annual Report 2019/20]," Annual Economic Reports / Jahresgutachten, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, volume 127, number 201920.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Large-scale asset purchases; wealth inequality; monetary policy; zero-lower bound;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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