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Steuer- und Transfersystem: hohe Umverteilung vor allem über die Sozialversicherung

Author

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  • Stefan Bach
  • Markus M. Grabka
  • Erik Tomasch

Abstract

Overall monetary redistribution via the tax and transfer system leads to net incomes being much more evenly distributed in Germany than market income. As a result, in 2011, the Gini coefficient decreased from 0.5 for market income to 0.29 for household disposable income. The social security system has a significant share in total income redistribution by the government, making up more than half of the inequality reduction. As far as there are equivalent insurance contributions for social security benefits, there is, however, no redistribution between individuals or generations over time. This shows that, in terms of how well public transfers are targeted, the most financially needy households are benefitting most from basic social security payments. Other public benefits such as child benefit, however, are granted to all income groups. It was primarily the upper income brackets that benefitted from the now expired grant scheme for firsthome buyers (Eigenheimzulage). Die monetäre Umverteilung durch das Steuer- und Transfersystem führt insgesamt dazu, dass die Nettoeinkommen in Deutschland deutlich gleichmäßiger verteilt sind als die Markteinkommen. So sinkt der Gini-Koeffizient von 0,5 für die Markteinkommen auf 0,29 für die verfügbaren Haushaltseinkommen im Jahr 2011. Einen maßgeblichen Anteil an der gesamten staatlichen Umverteilung hat das Sozialversicherungssystem, das mehr als die Hälfte der Ungleichheitsreduktion ausmacht. Soweit für die Sozialversicherungsleistungen versicherungsäquivalente Beiträge erhoben werden, findet aber im Zeitverlauf letztlich keine Umverteilung zwischen Personen oder Generationen statt. Im Hinblick auf die Zielgenauigkeit staatlicher Transfers zeigt sich, dass diese bei den Grundsicherungsleistungen erwartungsgemäß den finanziell bedürftigen Haushalten zu Gute kommen. Andere staatliche Leistungen wie das Kindergeld werden hingegen sämtlichen Einkommensgruppen gewährt. Bei der ausgelaufenen Eigenheimzulage profitierten vor allem die oberen Einkommensgruppen.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefan Bach & Markus M. Grabka & Erik Tomasch, 2015. "Steuer- und Transfersystem: hohe Umverteilung vor allem über die Sozialversicherung," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 82(8), pages 147-156.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:82-8-1
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Feld, Lars P. & Schmidt, Christoph M. & Schnabel, Isabel & Truger, Achim & Wieland, Volker, 2019. "Den Strukturwandel meistern. Jahresgutachten 2019/20 [Dealing with Structural Change. Annual Report 2019/20]," Annual Economic Reports / Jahresgutachten, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, volume 127, number 201920.
    2. Christl, Michael & Köppl–Turyna, Monika & Lorenz, Hanno & Kucsera, Dénes, 2020. "Redistribution within the tax-benefits system in Austria," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 250-264.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Redistribution of taxes and transfers; income distribution; SOEP;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H24 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution

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