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Marktanreize für systemdienliche Auslegungen von Windkraftanlagen

Author

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  • Nils May
  • Karsten Neuhoff
  • Frieder Borggrefe

Abstract

Up until now, wind turbines have been designed to generate electricity at the lowest possible total cost, independent of this electricity’s market value. With an increasing penetration of wind power in the system, the market value of electricity generated by wind turbines is declining, since wind turbines tend to produce electricity at the same time. For this reason, it will be important in the future to design wind turbines in a system-friendly manner so that a larger proportion of electricity generation occurs in hours with lower wind speeds. This can be achieved with higher towers, longer rotor blades, and generators with comparatively low power rating. According to model calculations, a fixed feed-in tariff provides insufficient incentives for such plant designs, which would be especially system-friendly in the context of further expansion of renewable energies. Likewise, direct marketing with a floating market premium does not provide adequate incentives if investors take the current electricity prices as a basis for their planning and project financing. By contrast, in a new instrument that is being proposed here—the so-called “production volume-based benchmark approach”—the level of the feed-in tariff is based on the expected future market value of the wind turbine’s electricity. In this way, incentives for investments in plants that will be especially system-friendly in the future could already be created in the present. At the same time, questions regarding the actual design and the practical implementation still need to be resolved. Bisher wurden Windkraftanlagen so ausgelegt, dass sie Strom zu möglichst geringen Gesamtkosten erzeugen, unabhängig vom Marktwert dieses Stroms. Mit steigenden Anteilen der Windenergie im Stromsystem fällt der Marktwert von Strom aus Windkraftanlagen, da sie tendenziell zur gleichen Zeit Strom erzeugen. Deswegen wird es in Zukunft wichtig, Anlagen systemdienlich auszulegen, so dass ein größerer Anteil der Stromerzeugung in Stunden mit geringeren Windgeschwindigkeiten erfolgt. Dies kann durch höhere Türme, längere Rotorblätter und Generatoren mit vergleichsweise geringer Leistung erreicht werden. Modellrechnungen zufolge gibt eine fixe Einspeisevergütung keine ausreichenden Anreize für solche Anlagenauslegungen, die bei einem weiteren Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien künftig besonders systemdienlich wären. Eine Direktvermarktung mit gleitender Marktprämie setzt ebenfalls keine entsprechenden Anreize, sofern Investoren bei ihrer Planung oder Projektfinanzierung die aktuellen Strompreise zugrunde legen. Bei einem hier neu vorgeschlagenen Instrument, dem sogenannten Referenzwertmodell, orientiert sich die Vergütungshöhe dagegen am erwarteten künftigen Marktwert des Stroms der Anlage. Dadurch könnten bereits heute Anreize für Investitionen in solche Anlagen gegeben werden, die künftig besonders systemfreundlich sind. Dabei sind Fragen der konkreten Ausgestaltung und praktischen Umsetzung noch zu klären.

Suggested Citation

  • Nils May & Karsten Neuhoff & Frieder Borggrefe, 2015. "Marktanreize für systemdienliche Auslegungen von Windkraftanlagen," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 82(24), pages 555-564.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:82-24-1
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Philip Tafarte & Marcus Eichhorn & Daniela Thrän, 2019. "Capacity Expansion Pathways for a Wind and Solar Based Power Supply and the Impact of Advanced Technology—A Case Study for Germany," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-23, January.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Feed-in tariff; wind turbine technology; wind power investments;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q42 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Alternative Energy Sources
    • Q55 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Technological Innovation
    • O38 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Government Policy

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