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Fiskalische Abwertung: wirtschaftlicher Impuls für die Krisenländer im Euroraum

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  • Kerstin Bernoth
  • Patrick Burauel
  • Philipp Engler

Abstract

Member countries of the euro area, and the peripheral states in particular, are faced with an especially difficult problem: on the one hand, they urgently need stronger economic growth to pay off the mountains of debt they have accrued and have to reduce unemployment but, on the other hand, they have no scope to use fiscal policy to stimulate the economy. One wayto strengthen economic growth without burdening public finances could be “fiscal devaluation”. This reduces social security contributions for employers - and therefore ancillary wage costs - leading to companies being more price competitive than their foreign competitors. This, in turn, should stimulate exports and result in positive employment effects. Reducing ancillary wage costs could be financed by an increase in value-added tax. The present study shows that fiscal devaluation in the individual member countries of a currency union may help to stabilize economic growth in the short term. Therefore, this instrument should be particularly important for the crisis countries of the euro area though it by no means replaces the implementation of structural reforms required to increase economic growth in the long term. Die Mitgliedsländer der Eurozone, vor allem die sogenannten Peripheriestaaten, stehen vor einem schwer zu lösenden Problem: Einerseits benötigen sie dringend ein stärkeres Wirtschaftswachstum, um die aufgebauten Schuldenberge abtragen und die Arbeitslosigkeit reduzieren zu können, verfügen aber andererseits über keine fiskalpolitischen Spielräume zur Stimulierung ihrer Wirtschaft. Eine Möglichkeit, das Wirtschaftswachstum zu stärken, ohne die öffentlichen Haushalte zu belasten, könnte eine „fiskalische Abwertung“sein. Dabei werden die Sozialabgaben der Arbeitgeber - und damit die Lohnnebenkosten - gesenkt, um die preisliche Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Unternehmen gegenüber ihren ausländischen Konkurrenten zu verbessern. Dadurch sollen die Exporttätigkeit angeregt und positive Beschäftigungseffekte erzielt werden. Finanziert wird die Reduzierung der Lohnnebenkosten durch eine Erhöhung der Mehrwertsteuer. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt, dass fiskalische Abwertungen einzelner Mitgliedsländer einer Währungsunion dazu beitragen können, den Handelsbilanzsaldo und damit das Wirtschaftswachstum dort in der kurzen Frist zu stabilisieren. Daher dürfte dieses Instrument gerade für die Krisenländer der Eurozone von Bedeutung sein. Es ersetzt aber keineswegs die Umsetzung von Strukturreformen, die erforderlich sind, um das Wirtschaftswachstum auch langfristig zu erhöhen.

Suggested Citation

  • Kerstin Bernoth & Patrick Burauel & Philipp Engler, 2014. "Fiskalische Abwertung: wirtschaftlicher Impuls für die Krisenländer im Euroraum," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 81(39), pages 916-922.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:81-39-3
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Amat Adarov & Mario Holzner & Branimir Jovanović & Goran Vukšić, 2021. "Labour Taxes and International Trade: The Role of Domestic Labour Value Added," wiiw Working Papers 205, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    2. Mario Holzner & Marina Tkalec & Goran Vukšić, 2019. "Composition of trade flows and the effectiveness of fiscal devaluation," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(2), pages 453-477, February.
    3. Mario Holzner & Marina Tkalec & Maruška Vizek & Goran Vukšić, 2018. "Fiscal devaluations: evidence using bilateral trade balance data," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 154(2), pages 247-275, May.
    4. Mario Holzner & Maruška Vizek & Goran Vukšić, 2022. "Wage Bargaining Coordination, Taxation and Labor Costs: The Effects of Fiscal Devaluation," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 64(2), pages 324-349, June.
    5. Thomas Leoni & Margit Schratzenstaller, 2020. "Senkung der Lohnnebenkosten und Finanzierungsvarianten. Bisherige Erkenntnisse und internationale Reformbeispiele," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 66851, February.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Fiscal policy; fiscal devaluation; tax policy; trade balance; international competitiveness;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • H20 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - General

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