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Finanzmärkte, Arbeitsmärkte und Inflation – beschleunigt die Zinspolitik der Zentralbank die Inflation und den Banken Crash?

Author

Listed:
  • Dorothea Schäfer
  • Willi Semmler

Abstract

Using interest rates, central banks are currently trying to reduce inflation and stabilize financial markets. They claim they have separate instruments for each problem, but do they? It is undeniable that the fiscal and monetary policy rescue measures deployed during the Corona crisis have created enormous liquidity for companies, households, and financial institutions. However, it remains unclear whether this liquidity led to excessive demand, thus fuelling inflation that can and should be curbed via interest hikes. Energy, raw materials, and food were the main price drivers. Nevertheless, the wage-price spiral, although it has not yet started, is already being fought with historically unique interest rate hikes with the aim of weakening the labor markets. If interest rates remain high, but external forces with persistent effects emerge and keep inflation rates high, significant ’collateral damage’ can be expected, both in the banking sector and in labor markets. In the USA, the first victims of asset deflation are already visible in the banking sector. As an additional cost factor, every interest rate increase directly increases price pressure, making it more difficult to take out loans, making investments in decarbonization and climate protection more expensive, thus increasing the risk of not making the necessary investments, and in particular weakens the bargaining power of particularly vulnerable employment groups. Alternative measures to combat inflation, for example more investments in bottle neck sectors, must be outlined, discussed, and implemented. So far, this has not happened to a sufficient extent. Central banks seem to be missing two goals – reducing inflation and stabilizing financial markets – simultaneously due to the rapid and strong interest rate hikes. Credit conditions are deteriorating, insolvencies are increasing and Germany, in particular, has already slipped into recession. Die Zentralbanken versuchen gegenwärtig mit dem Instrument der Zinsschraube beides zu erreichen: Inflationsabschwächung und Finanzmarktstabilisierung. Sie geben auch vor, separate Instrumente für beide Probleme zu haben. Aber ist das wirklich so? Unbestreitbar ist, dass die fiskalischen und geldpolitischen Rettungsmaßnahmen in der Corona-Krise enorme Liquidität bei Firmen, Haushalten und Finanzinstituten geschaffen haben. Strittig ist indes, ob diese Liquidität zu übergroßer Nachfrage geführt und damit die Inflation angeheizt hat. Energie, Rohstoffe und Lebensmittel waren die zentralen Preistreiber. Dennoch wird die Lohn-Preis-Spirale, obwohl noch nicht in Gang gekommen, bereits durch beispiellose Zinserhöhungen mit dem Ziel der Schwächung der Arbeitsmärkte bekämpft. Wenn die Zinssätze weiter hoch bleiben, aber externe Kräfte mit persistenter Wirkung auftreten und die Inflationsrate dauerhaft hochhalten, ist mit erheblichen „Kollateralschäden“ zu rechnen, sowohl im Bankensektor wie auch auf den Arbeitsmärkten. In den USA sind im Bankensektor bereits die ersten „Opfer“ der Aktiva-Deflation zu „beklagen“. Jeder Zinsschritt erhöht als zusätzlicher Kostenfaktor direkt den Preisdruck, erschwert die Aufnahme von Krediten, macht die Investitionen in Dekarbonisierung und Klimaschutz teurer, erhöht so das Risiko der Unterlassung der notwendigen Investitionen, und schwächt insbesondere die Verhandlungsmacht der besonders vulnerablen Beschäftigungsgruppen. Alternativen Maßnahmen der Inflationsbekämpfung, z. B. mehr Investitionen in Kapazitäten zur Beseitigung sektoraler Engpässe schenkt weder die Wissenschaft noch die Politik die notwendige Aufmerksamkeit. Die Zentralbanken aber scheinen durch die schnelle und starke Zinserhöhung zwei Ziele gleichzeitig zu verfehlen – die Inflationsrate zu verringern und die Finanzmärkte stabil zu halten. Kreditbedingungen verschlechtern sich, Insolvenzen nehmen zu und insbesondere Deutschland ist bereits in die Rezession gerutscht.

Suggested Citation

  • Dorothea Schäfer & Willi Semmler, 2023. "Finanzmärkte, Arbeitsmärkte und Inflation – beschleunigt die Zinspolitik der Zentralbank die Inflation und den Banken Crash?," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 92(2), pages 45-68.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:92-2-4
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.92.2.45
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Zinserhöhung; Inflation; Bankenkrise; Arbeitsmarkt; Zentralbanken; Energiekrise; Coronakrise;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E00 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General - - - General
    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Sytsems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
    • E43 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E50 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - General
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • H00 - Public Economics - - General - - - General

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