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Varianten des Nudgings? Verhaltenswissenschaften und ihr Einfluss auf politische Instrumente

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  • Kathrin Loer
  • Alexander Leipold

Abstract

Several ideas are associated with the term Nudging and its use in policy-making. There is, however, still no concise concept of nudging. The term describes new forms of behaviourally informed regulation but without clarifying its impact on classical political instruments. We present a new typology of political instruments and discuss the varieties of behaviorally informed policy-making influencing political instruments. Furthermore, the argument is followed that behavioural insights change the effects that policy instruments provoke and thus trigger a “behavioural spin” with regard to policy instruments. We explain how to apply the new typology to empirical cases. We give some examples from the field of health policy (nutrition) and energy consumption in the United States of America (USA). Viele sehr unterschiedliche empirische Beispiele tauchen in Studien auf, wenn von „Nudging“ als politischer Maßnahme die Rede ist. Der Begriff dient oft der Kennzeichnung neuer Formen verhaltenswissenschaftlich informierter Regulierung, deckt damit aber ein sehr breites Spektrum ab. In diesem Beitrag schlagen wir eine Konkretisierung vor, wie sich die Konzepte von Nudging und anderen verhaltenswissenschaftlich informierten Maßnahmen („behavioural insights“) unterscheiden lassen. Des Weiteren geht es um ein Verständnis davon, wie sich diese Maßnahmen zu bekannten politischen Instrumenten verhalten. Wir bieten mit dem Beitrag eine Option an, wie die politischen Instrumente, deren Ausgestaltung auf verhaltenswissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen basiert, typologisch erfasst werden können. Wir vertreten das Argument, dass verhaltenswissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse die Wirkung bestehender Instrumente verändern. Diesen Effekt nennen wir „behavioural spin“. Wir stellen auch an Fallbeispielen vor, wie dieses Modell des „behavioural spin“ angewandt werden kann. Bei den Beispielen handelt es sich um die Regulierung ungesunden Ernährungsverhaltens und die Energienutzung in Privathaushalten in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika (USA).

Suggested Citation

  • Kathrin Loer & Alexander Leipold, 2018. "Varianten des Nudgings? Verhaltenswissenschaften und ihr Einfluss auf politische Instrumente," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 87(1), pages 41-63.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:87-1-4
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.87.1.41
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Nudging; behavioural insights; political instruments; obesity; energy consumption;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • A12 - General Economics and Teaching - - General Economics - - - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • O57 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Comparative Studies of Countries
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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