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Dezentrale Energiepolitik: eine fiskalföderalistische Perspektive für den deutschen Stromsektor

Author

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  • Erik Gawel
  • Sebastian Strunz

Abstract

Although Germany’s energy transition is widely perceived as a national project, transition policies are developed within a system of Multi-Level Governance: both European and sub-national levels contribute to shaping the transition pathway, either directly (e. g., via regional initiatives to deploy renewables) or indirectly (e. g., via EU-guidelines affecting national policies). Paradoxically, national transition policies are also criticized for both lack of European coordination and for discouraging regional transition efforts. The paper analyses the existing relations between national and supra-/subnational energy polices against the background of the theory of Fiscal Federalism, which focuses on the trade-off between decentralization and centralization. In particular, the paper weighs the benefits of centralization against the benefits of decentralized policy experimentation. Meanwhile, the exact amount of (de)centralization proves elusive. In consequence, the national level may provide the best option to pragmatically balancing the benefits of both centralization and decentralization. Die deutsche Energiewende steht sowohl „von oben“ als auch „von unten“ unter Druck: Verfechter einer dezentralen Energiewende sehen letztere wegen jüngster Änderungen bei der Förderpolitik für Strom aus erneuerbaren Energien in Gefahr, während andererseits eine stärkere europäische Einbettung eben dieser Förderpolitik gefordert wird. Der Beitrag analysiert dieses Spannungsfeld vor dem Hintergrund der Theorie des Fiskalföderalismus. Diese fiskalföderalistische Perspektive wägt die Argumente für Dezentralisierung (etwa „Föderalismus als Labor“) gegen die Argumente für Zentralisierung (etwa Effizienzgewinne durch Skaleneffekte) ab. Da sich der Zielkonflikt nicht eindeutig auflösen lässt, scheint pragmatisches Vorgehen angeraten – die primär auf Bundesebene stattfindende Koordination der Energiewende kann somit als normativ legitimiert gelten, gleichwohl auf eine Realisierung von Synergiepotentialen auf EU-Ebene nicht verzichtet und die dezentralen Aspekte der Energiewende (zum Beispiel Informationsvorteile bezüglich regionaler Externalitäten) berücksichtigt werden sollten.

Suggested Citation

  • Erik Gawel & Sebastian Strunz, 2016. "Dezentrale Energiepolitik: eine fiskalföderalistische Perspektive für den deutschen Stromsektor," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 85(4), pages 29-40.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:85-4-3
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.85.4.29
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Centralization; decentralization; energy transition; fiscal federalism; Germany; multi-level governance;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H77 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism
    • Q42 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Alternative Energy Sources
    • R12 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)

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